{"id":211,"date":"2021-05-05T17:30:39","date_gmt":"2021-05-05T17:30:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/23\/?p=211"},"modified":"2021-11-21T20:56:00","modified_gmt":"2021-11-21T20:56:00","slug":"drive-in-theatre-the-world-at-oaklands-beaux-arts-train-station","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/23\/drive-in-theatre-the-world-at-oaklands-beaux-arts-train-station\/","title":{"rendered":"Drive-In Theatre: The World at Oakland\u2019s Beaux-Arts Train Station"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Lissa Tyler Renaud<\/strong><a href=\"#end\" name=\"back\">*<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#c69a9f\"><strong><em>Binding Ties<\/em>: <em>The&nbsp;16th&nbsp;Street&nbsp;Station<\/em>. Created by&nbsp;Stephanie Anne Johnson&nbsp;with&nbsp;Michael Copeland Sydnor. Premiere: 1991; remount: 12 February 2021, Oakland Theatre Project. Lighting and projections design: Stephanie Anne Johnson. Sound score: Kevin Myric. Site-specific: 16th Street Railway Station, Oakland, California.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There it was!\u2014the legendary South Pacific train, pulled into the stunning Beaux-Arts railway station in thriving West Oakland. It stood ready with its expert crew, spiffy porters and graceful maids to take passengers in style and comfort to destinations across the young nation! And here is its cheerful conductor now!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" src=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2021\/05\/1.-PER-beaux-whole-sceneB.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-368\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2021\/05\/1.-PER-beaux-whole-sceneB.jpeg 800w, https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2021\/05\/1.-PER-beaux-whole-sceneB-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2021\/05\/1.-PER-beaux-whole-sceneB-768x512.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption>The event site and adjacent neighborhood. Photo: L.T. Renaud<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>It is a testament to the illusion of this clever and moving installation-event that we were actually sitting in our cars in the disused parking lot of the abandoned train station in an especially sorry part of town. The images of the train were projected onto the front of the building, along with slides of the historic station, gleaming tracks, maps of the routes, newspaper headlines.<br><br>Late in 2020, our county expanded its COVID health orders to allow heavily regulated \u201cvehicle-based gatherings.\u201d Drive-in theatre was a natural outgrowth, reminiscent of the beloved drive-in movies (and restaurants) of the 1950s and 1960s. But now, we had to stay in our cars, windows up, with the show\u2019s soundscape transmitted through our car radios. In the world of drive-in theatre, instead of clapping, we honk our horns.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"350\" height=\"452\" src=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2021\/05\/2.-PER-beaux-POSTER.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-213\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2021\/05\/2.-PER-beaux-POSTER.png 350w, https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2021\/05\/2.-PER-beaux-POSTER-232x300.png 232w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><figcaption>Poster for the production, Oakland Theatre Project<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Binding Ties <\/em>was the perfect, outdoor show for this expanded health order. Brainchild of the impressive Stephanie Anne Johnson in 1991, it was ready for a drive-in, 30th anniversary production by the Oakland Theatre Project. Dr. Johnson has used her 40 years of experience as a lighting designer\u2014local, national, international\u2014to bring into view people who have been \u201cforgotten\u201d by our culture, with particular focus on, and tireless contributions to, recognition of African Americans. She is well-known for her slide projection pieces which, she says, \u201ccombine the ethereal nature of light and the solidity of architecture to symbolize a balance between the spiritual and material worlds.\u201d In this case, Johnson employed her signature tools\u2014light, historical artifacts, archival photographs and live narration\u2014to evoke the early- to mid-twentieth century ghosts of the Southern Pacific Railway and its people, as seen through the lens of the 16th Street Station.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" src=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2021\/05\/3.-PER-beaux-interior.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-214\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2021\/05\/3.-PER-beaux-interior.jpeg 800w, https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2021\/05\/3.-PER-beaux-interior-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2021\/05\/3.-PER-beaux-interior-768x512.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption>Interior of the station, prized for its arched windows<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Inside and out, the decaying landmark begs for a theatrical event. Built in 1912 as the West Coast terminus of the network of railroads that first started expanding across the U.S. from the 1860s to the 1880s, in its heyday the station saw around 400 trains per day. The area around the station featured lovely Victorian houses\u2014many still standing\u2014and from the 1940s to 1960s, had a hopping, nationally recognized jazz and blues scene. This area was tragically divided by a freeway (1955) and tracks for a new subway (1974); the 16th St. station itself was badly damaged in the 1989 earthquake; newer train stations grew up nearby (1994): 16th St. saw its last train in 1994. Since then, it has been closed to the public, on the shortlist of Most Beautiful Abandoned Stations in the World, a site for squatters, a magnet for daredevil photographers, a film location and, since 2005, the object of architectural preservation efforts to restore it as a community center and performance venue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Actor W. Oliver III as the narrating Conductor. Video: Kiril Bolotnikov\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/gSO4A9J2TcQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption>Actor W. Oliver III as the narrating Conductor. Video: Kiril Bolotnikov<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Sitting outside in the dark, 1930s country blues came through the radio, setting the mood. The fellow on the right in the poster seemed to materialize before us. This was Oakland Theatre Project\u2019s William Oliver III (<em>Death of a Salesman<\/em>, <em>A Midsummer Night\u2019s Dream<\/em>), the only live actor in this production (a live actor a novelty after innumerable shows streaming!)\u2014the Conductor, whose narration at the beginning and ending framed the show.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On a larger historical scale, the show told the story of the internal migration of Black Americans from the southern states to Oakland for jobs on the railroad: construction, switch operation, track maintenance and more. When the Civil War ended in 1865, the Pullman line of luxury sleeping cars snapped up freed slaves and other Blacks who were initially willing to work as porters for a pittance. Gradually, the courtesy and efficiency of these porters became the shining face of elegant train travel in America; in 1925, the porters began their twelve-year struggle for decent wages and working conditions to become the first African American labor union in the United States: the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters. This was achieved when Blacks in the U.S. were still segregated in public places. This history still haunts America today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"471\" height=\"380\" src=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2021\/05\/5.-PER-beaux-porters.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-219\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2021\/05\/5.-PER-beaux-porters.jpg 471w, https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2021\/05\/5.-PER-beaux-porters-300x242.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 471px) 100vw, 471px\" \/><figcaption>Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>On a more intimate level, there were original photos and first-person, archival interviews with those who actually made the travelers\u2019 experience so gracious, and which gave a sense of the pride, dedication\u2014and spirited competition!\u2014they brought to their jobs as porters, cooks and maids. Porters talked\u2014sometimes in southern accents tricky to follow\u2014about carrying baggage, serving food and drinks from the dining car, shining shoes, tidying the cars, mopping, cleaning windows. A fellow who had been in charge of making up beds gave a precise account of the number of pillows and blankets, and <em>exactly <\/em>how he managed the sheet around the mattress. We heard how the porters broke up blocks of ice to provide passengers with cool water by their beds, and that the cooks, in pristine white aprons and high chef hats, put a rose on each tray of delectable food. The maids, in sleek gray dresses, modest white caps and aprons, described greeting the passengers as they boarded, escorting them to their seats, folding their coats, refrigerating their baby formula, feeding their babies at 10:00, 2:00, and 6:00. One woman who worked the night shift got off work at 8:00 a.m. and hurried home to get her children ready for school. We heard the names of the stations on the California line lovingly recited, names they had heard countless hundreds of times: Crockett, Martinez, Tracy, Merced, Tulare, Fresno.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A different production on the construction of American railways might tell more of the story of Blacks, Mexicans, Indigenous Indians, Pakistanis and Chinese laborers all working together. Certainly, the multitude of Chinese workers\u2014injured, frozen, starved, murdered\u2014deserve recognition. But this wasn\u2019t that production; its focus was on \u201cwhat it meant to be a railroad man,\u201d especially for Oakland\u2019s Black Americans, with their unique history\u2014a fascinating, dramatic tale by any measure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Along with marching bands, it was in the music of Kevin Myric\u2019s sound score that we got most of the multicultural flavor of the national railroad endeavor. The jaunty ragtime of African American Scott Joplin (d. 1917) gave us a basic feel for the era; the Indigenous Indians were heard in the flute, the Pakistanis in the sitar. The Mexicans, it was said, called to each other and the Blacks sang; we heard one example, \u201cHear That Train Comin\u2019 Down the Track.\u201d Across America, <em>everyone<\/em> celebrated trains in song! A charming songstress sang multiple verses for \u201cI Got Some People in Me\u201d: Irish, Hawaiian, Chinese, German, African, Jewish, Arab and Mexican.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" src=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2021\/05\/6-PER-beaux-carsB.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-369\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2021\/05\/6-PER-beaux-carsB.jpeg 800w, https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2021\/05\/6-PER-beaux-carsB-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2021\/05\/6-PER-beaux-carsB-768x512.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption>The audience. Photo: L.T. Renaud<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The drive-in theatre format will surely address some of its challenges over time. The sightlines weren\u2019t always perfect. With windows required to be up, the windshield got foggy. Sound reception was hit-or-miss, and with engines off and radios on, one car\u2019s battery died (theatre staffers immediately provided jumper cables).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The title, <em>Binding Ties<\/em>, is a pun. Writer Anne Bront\u00eb (d. 1849) first used the phrase \u201cthe ties that bind\u201d; nowadays, it refers to the invisible relationships\u2014\u201cties\u201d\u2014that connect or \u201cbind\u201d all people. The Southern Pacific Railroad helped \u201cbind\u201d America\u2019s people with \u201cties,\u201d the wooden cross pieces under the metal tracks that support them. With this feeling of connectedness, our Conductor closed the show: \u201cOakland is some kind of town . . . You\u2019re all a part of it now.\u201d And we were.<a name=\"end\">&nbsp;<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-thumbnail alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2021\/05\/Lissa-Tyler-Renaud-150x150.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-217\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2021\/05\/Lissa-Tyler-Renaud-150x150.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2021\/05\/Lissa-Tyler-Renaud.jpeg 225w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><a name=\"end\" href=\"#back\">*<\/a><strong>Lissa Tyler Renaud\u00a0<\/strong>(MFA Directing; PhD Theatre History\/Criticism). Lifelong actress. Founder-Director, InterArts Training, based in Oakland. Has taught, lectured, published widely on theatre training, dramatic theory, the early European avant-garde; at major theatre institutions of Asia; around the U.S; in England, Mexico, Sweden and Russia. Founding editor, Wuzhen Theatre Festival, China and English-French\u00a0<em>Critical Stages<\/em>; board member. Co-editor,\u00a0<em>The Politics of American Actor Training<\/em>\u00a0(Routledge); invited chapter,\u00a0<em>Routledge Companion to Stanislavsky<\/em>. Editor,\u00a0<em>Selected Plays of Stan Lai\u00a0<\/em>(U. Michigan Press, pending). Senior Writer,\u00a0<em>Scene4<\/em>; founder, \u201cKandinsky Anew\u201d series.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">Copyright <strong>\u00a9<\/strong> 2021 Lissa Tyler Renaud<br><em>Critical Stages\/Sc\u00e8nes critiques<\/em> e-ISSN: 2409-7411<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/88x31.png\" alt=\"Creative Commons Attribution International License\"\/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">This work is licensed under the<br>Creative Commons Attribution International License CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":214,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-211","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-performance-reviews"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2021\/05\/3.-PER-beaux-interior.jpeg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":340,"url":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/23\/tadashi-suzukis-globally-local-theatre\/","url_meta":{"origin":211,"position":0},"title":"Tadashi Suzuki\u2019s Globally Local Theatre","author":"Lissa Tyler Renaud","date":"May 9, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Savas Patsalidis* The basis for theatre craft is the work of the feet . . .Tadashi Suzuki \u201cThe\u00a0Grammar of Feet,\u201d The Way of Acting Critical Stages\/Scenes critiques pays tribute to one of the greats of world theatre, the latest IATC Thalia Prize winner: Tadashi Suzuki, the Japanese director and teacher\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Thalia Prize&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Thalia Prize","link":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/23\/category\/thalia-prize\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2021\/05\/sp_image02.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2021\/05\/sp_image02.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2021\/05\/sp_image02.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":207,"url":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/23\/a-chronicle-of-chinas-pandemic-theatre-the-word-from-nine-theatre-artists\/","url_meta":{"origin":211,"position":1},"title":"A Chronicle of China\u2019s Pandemic Theatre: The Word from Nine Theatre Artists","author":"Lissa Tyler Renaud","date":"May 5, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"by Lissa Tyler Renaud* Introduction The mainstream media's virus-centered narrative about China swept the world, but didn't include the story I wanted to hear: about China's theatre. I began writing to colleagues connected in some capacity to the yearly Wuzhen Theatre Festival\u2014many of whom are among the most influential figures\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Interviews&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Interviews","link":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/23\/category\/interviews\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2021\/05\/Wuzhen-Grand-Theatre.jpeg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2021\/05\/Wuzhen-Grand-Theatre.jpeg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2021\/05\/Wuzhen-Grand-Theatre.jpeg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2021\/05\/Wuzhen-Grand-Theatre.jpeg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":152,"url":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/23\/tadashi-suzuki-and-the-thalia-prize\/","url_meta":{"origin":211,"position":2},"title":"Tadashi Suzuki and the Thalia Prize","author":"Lissa Tyler Renaud","date":"April 30, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Margareta S\u00f6renson* The Japanese stage director and author Tadashi Suzuki received\u00a0 the Thalia Prize from the International Association of Theatre Critics (AICT-IATC) on 16 April 2021. Due to the pandemic, the award ceremony was presented online in conjunction with an international conference on the work of Mr. Suzuki, whose performance\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Thalia Prize&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Thalia Prize","link":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/23\/category\/thalia-prize\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2021\/04\/toga-park.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2021\/04\/toga-park.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2021\/04\/toga-park.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2021\/04\/toga-park.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":556,"url":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/23\/interview-with-anne-cecile-sibue-birkeland\/","url_meta":{"origin":211,"position":3},"title":"Curating as Placing Stones to be Picked up: Interview with Anne-C\u00e9cile Sibu\u00e9-Birkeland","author":"Lissa Tyler Renaud","date":"May 24, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"by Anette Therese Pettersen* I like to think of the audience as active spectators, making their own journey through the program.Anne-C\u00e9cile Sibu\u00e9-Birkeland Anne-C\u00e9cile Sibu\u00e9-Birkeland currently serves as artistic director of Black Box teater in Oslo, which includes the artistic direction of the yearly festival Oslo International Teaterfestival. Sibu\u00e9-Birkeland grew up\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Interviews&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Interviews","link":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/23\/category\/interviews\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2021\/05\/featured-5.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2021\/05\/featured-5.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2021\/05\/featured-5.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2021\/05\/featured-5.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":401,"url":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/23\/performance-and-politics-in-a-time-of-confinement-virtual-stages-between-south-africa-and-african-america\/","url_meta":{"origin":211,"position":4},"title":"Performance and Politics in a Time of Confinement: Virtual Stages between South Africa and African America","author":"Lissa Tyler Renaud","date":"June 4, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Loren Kruger* Abstract This essay spotlights performances, social and artistic, in 2020 that touch points on the circum-Atlantic routes that have linked Africa, African-America and Europe for centuries and which speak to the long history as well as to present expressions of sorrow and revolt in the crisis and confinement\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Special Topic&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Special Topic","link":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/23\/category\/special-topic\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2021\/05\/featured-2.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2021\/05\/featured-2.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2021\/05\/featured-2.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2021\/05\/featured-2.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":475,"url":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/23\/interview-with-monika-kwasniewska\/","url_meta":{"origin":211,"position":5},"title":"Krytyczki as Activists: On Theatre Criticism, Affect, Objectivism and #MeToo in Polish Drama Schools: Interview with Monika Kwa\u015bniewska","author":"Lissa Tyler Renaud","date":"May 25, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"by Kasia Lech* Although few people talk about it directly, the Polish theatre is dominated by an internalized ethics developed over 100 years ago by StanislavskiMonika Kwa\u015bniewska Monika Kwa\u015bniewska is a Polish scholar working as Adjunct at the Theatre and Drama Chair, Jagiellonian University, Krak\u00f3w, Poland, and editor of Didaskalia.\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Interviews&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Interviews","link":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/23\/category\/interviews\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2021\/05\/image6-4.jpeg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2021\/05\/image6-4.jpeg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, 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