{"id":277,"date":"2019-10-19T20:48:32","date_gmt":"2019-10-19T20:48:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/?p=277"},"modified":"2026-06-22T11:25:35","modified_gmt":"2026-06-22T11:25:35","slug":"movement-through-language-a-reflection-on-the-use-of-spoken-text-in-dance-performances","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/movement-through-language-a-reflection-on-the-use-of-spoken-text-in-dance-performances\/","title":{"rendered":"Movement through Language:  A Reflection on the Use of Spoken Text in Dance Performances"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Rosa Lambert<\/strong><a href=\"#end\" name=\"back\">*<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 id=\"abstract\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-drop-cap abstract wp-block-paragraph\">Today, the Belgian dance scene features many international choreographers whose works explore how spoken text can contribute to the creation of dance. As a consequence, their works reveal the interconnections and affiliations between language and movement. In this essay, Rosa Lambert examines two solo performances by Mette Edvardsen, <em>Black<\/em> (2011) and <em>No Title<\/em> (2014), to demonstrate how a redefinition of dance beyond physical movement is both the subject of contemporary experiments and of recent theoretical reflections.<br><strong>Keywords: <\/strong><em>Black, No Title, <\/em>Mette Edvardsen, post-dance, language choreography<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 id=\"introduction\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Today, the Belgian dance scene is\npopulated by a number of international choreographers whose works push dance\nbeyond its traditional boundaries of physical movement. In the works of Daniel\nLinehan, Mette Edvardsen, Bryana Fritz, Mette Ingvartsen, Eleanor Bauer and\nLouis Vanhaverbeke (amongst others), we can observe an eagerness to explore how\nother materials, such as spoken text, contribute to the creation of dance. In\ncontrast with prevailing assumptions of dance being antithetical to language,<a href=\"#end1\" name=\"back1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> these works reveal the capacity of language to provoke movement. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In this essay, I will focus on two solo performances by Mette Edvardsen, <em>Black <\/em>(2011) and <em>No Title <\/em>(2014)<em>, <\/em>to demonstrate how a redefinition of dance beyond physical movement is both the subject of contemporary experiments and of recent theoretical reflections.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">February 2011, Brussels. Mette Edvardsen enters an empty stage. She puts her hands in front of her, as if she was placing them on a desk. She looks at her hands, cautiously. Pronounces: \u201ctable, table, table, table, table, table, table, table.\u201d She moves one hand to her back: \u201cchair, chair, chair, chair, chair, chair, chair, chair.\u201d<a name=\"back2\" href=\"#end2\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a> Placing her two hands above her, looking upwards: \u201clamp, lamp, lamp, lamp, lamp, lamp, lamp, lamp.\u201d For the rest of the performance, Edvardsen walks throughout the space, points at invisible objects in the room and makes them appear by naming these objects eight times each. This elegantly simple, rhythmic construction sparks the audience\u2019s imagination. Because the words refer to objects that are not present in the room, they trigger us to construct a mental image of them. This results in an oscillation between reality and imagination: while the objects remain nonexistent, the repetitions help us evoke them in our mind. Paradoxically, the objects appear remarkably present through their absence. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">February 2014, Brussels. Mette Edvardsen enters an empty stage, eyes closed. She stands still, waits for several seconds. Utters: \u201cthe beginning.\u201d She waits for several seconds more: \u201cis gone. The space is empty.\u201d Pause. \u201cAnd gone. The prompter has turned off his reading lamp, and gone.\u201d With her eyes closed during the entire performance, she evokes a variety of things, such as \u201cthe distinction between writing and drawing,\u201d \u201cKrushchev\u2019s cat,\u201d \u201cwaiting in lines,\u201d that are all \u201cgone.\u201d However, pointing at an object\u2019s disappearance does not result in its withdrawal, but rather in its presence. As Edvardsen suggests, \u201cit is not enough to say that something is gone in order to make it disappear\u201d (\u201cDouble-interview\u201d 73). Even though the objects are \u201cgone,\u201d listeners are still triggered to imagine this object. As a result, there is not only an oscillation between reality and imagination (as we see within <em>Black)<\/em>, but there is also a constant oscillation between presence and absence on the level of the text itself.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 id=\"video-1\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Video <\/strong>1<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Mette Edvardsen - Time has fallen asleep in the afternoon sunshine @ KFDA 2013\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/PSMDB7FbBl0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Since 2002, Edvardsen has been creating a fascinating and diverse oeuvre of works, comprised of solo as well as collective performances. She has worked with objects and technologies (<em>Private Collection, <\/em>2002; <em>Time Will Show (Detail), <\/em>2004;<em> We to Be, <\/em>2015), collaborated with musician Matteo Fargion (<em>oslo, <\/em>2017;<em> Penelope Sleeps, <\/em>2019) and initiated a library of living books (<em>Time Has Fallen Asleep in the Afternoon Sunshine<\/em>, 2010-ongoing). In recent years, language has become a recurring element within her canon of work. She has radically moved words into the realm of dance: \u201cIn <em>Black<\/em> I discovered the efficiency of language to name and make appear, and in <em>No Title<\/em> I was negating and looking into what is not. And I found a certain elasticity in language, in the possibilities and limits of language, of naming and knowing\u201d(\u201cDouble-interview\u201d 75). For Edvardsen, using language in dance is a way to \u201cwiden the notion of what dance could be\u201d (\u201cThe Picture of a Stone\u201d 219). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 id=\"movement-gone\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Movement\u2014gone? <\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While contemporary choreographers have\nbeen experimenting with different ways to connect language and dance, dance\nscholars have been making attempts to define dance beyond the confines of\nphysical movement. At the outset of these attempts stands the notion of\n\u201cexhausting dance,\u201d coined by dance scholar Andr\u00e9 Lepecki in his eponymous book,\n<em>Exhausting Dance<\/em> (2006). Lepecki defines this concept in\nrelation to Bruce Nauman\u2019s, Juan Dominguez\u2019s, Xavier Le Roy\u2019s, J\u00e9r\u00f4me Bel\u2019s,\nTrisha Brown\u2019s, La Ribot\u2019s, William Pope\u2019s and Vera Mantero\u2019s desires to\nwithdraw from virtuous, flowing movement (5). Building on the work of dance\nhistorian Mark Franko, Lepecki emphasizes that \u201caligning dance\u2019s being with\nmovement . . . is a fairly recent historical development\u201d (2). While modernist\ndancers foregrounded this alignment, Lepecki contends that recent contemporary\nchoreographers \u201cexhaust\u201d the bond between dance and physical movement (4),\ncreating \u201cdances that refuse to be confined to a constant \u2018flow or continuum of\nmovement\u2019\u201d (5). He uses the concept \u201cexhausting dance\u201d to analyze these works,\nand contributes to an understanding of dance that retires from producing\nvirtuous bodily movement. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If we agree upon a definition of dance\nthat is no longer restricted to the enactment of moving bodies, then what,\ntruly, is the material that dance is made of? In the case of <em>Black <\/em>and <em>No Title<\/em>, it seems that dance, in its departure from the (human)\nbody, moves towards other elements of performance, such as language. In her\nanalysis of Edvardsen\u2019s <em>Black<\/em>, dance\nscholar Efrosini Protopapa convincingly revisits Lepecki\u2019s notion of\nexhaustion. She highlights that exhaustion should not be understood as an\nendpoint, \u201cbut rather as an opening out of new possibilities in\/for dance\u201d\n(168). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to Protopapa, contemporary\nchoreographers are \u201cquestioning what dance can do for them\u201d and \u201cin so doing,\nthey find themselves working with a variety of tools and fields of knowledge\u201d\n(180). Thus, Protopapa indicates that the contemporary exhaustion of movement\ndoes not imply a standstill within dance. Rather, in recent works, dance has\nnot been restricted to the portrayal of physical movements. It has instead been\nexpressed through other media, such as the organization of objects, words,\nmathematics and philosophy (Protopapa 180). Therefore, she does not describe\nEdvardsen\u2019s <em>Black <\/em>as a dance without\nmovement, but as \u201ca dance that remains largely immaterial\u201d (184). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In his reflection on the nature of\ndance vis-\u00e0-vis body movement, dancer and theorist M\u00e5rten Sp\u00e5ngberg develops a\nsimilar argument. In the final chapter of the book <em>Post-Dance <\/em>(2017), which he co-edited with Mette Edvardsen and\nDanjel Andersson, he explains how contemporary experiments in dance and\nchoreography can be assembled under the notion of \u201cpost-dance.\u201d This term\ncovers a variety of practices that all reflect on the medium of dance by\ntransforming it from within: it \u201cis always-already an exhausted dance but\ndoesn\u2019t care about it any longer and explores what else it can be\u201d (Vujanovi\u0107\n46). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sp\u00e5ngberg\u2019s chapter advocates for the\nartistic value of contemporary experiments within dance, even though performers\nno longer use physical movement to create \u201cdance\u201d (350). To allow for a broader\nunderstanding of what dance exactly entails, Sp\u00e5ngberg sets off with enlarging\nthe definitions of both \u201cdance\u201d and \u201cchoreography.\u201d Dance is defined as pure\nmovement, while choreography is understood to be the structure or pattern that\nworks to tame movement. By removing the human dancer from both definitions, he\nmakes room for the idea of \u201ca choreographer whose expression happens to be\nliterature\u201d (363). As such, Sp\u00e5ngberg considers \u201cliterary structures\u201d as solid\nprinciples which evoke movement, and he includes them in the realm of dance and\nchoreography (372). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In comparison with Lepecki and\nProtopapa, Sp\u00e5ngberg\u2019s argument allows a more radical understanding of texts as\n\u201cchoreographic structures\u201d\n(364). The convoluted relationship between text and choreography is illustrated\nby the following fragment in Edvardsen\u2019s <em>No\nTitle<\/em>. While Edvardsen utters: \u201cB\u2013gone, A\u2013gone, going from B to A is gone,\nC . . . gone,\u201d she seemingly announces the disappearance of choreography, since,\nfollowing Lepecki, \u201cGoing from A to B to C\u201d can be understood as a\nchoreographic pattern (<em>Singularities<\/em>\n68). <\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" data-attachment-id=\"278\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/movement-through-language-a-reflection-on-the-use-of-spoken-text-in-dance-performances\/image1-11\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/11\/image1.jpeg\" data-orig-size=\"800,600\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image1\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;No Title by Mette Edvardsen. Created by Mette Edvardsen. February 4, 2014. Kaaistudio\u2019s, Brussels. Photo: Mette Edvardsen&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/11\/image1.jpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/11\/image1.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-278\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/11\/image1.jpeg 800w, https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/11\/image1-300x225.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/11\/image1-768x576.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>No Title<\/em> by Mette Edvardsen. Created by Mette Edvardsen. February 4, 2014. Kaaistudio\u2019s, Brussels. Photo: Mette Edvardsen<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, Lepecki seems to overlook a\ncrucial dynamic that structures <em>No Title<\/em>;\nnamely, the impossibility to make something entirely disappear simply by claiming\nit is \u201cgone.\u201d Subsequently, choreography has not entirely disappeared, because <em>language<\/em>\nis dancing. Interestingly, Edvardsen does in fact go from one point to another\nin space while uttering this sentence, which further expresses the incomplete\nwithdrawal from choreography. Finally, the phrase \u201cgoing from B to A to C\u201d can refer\nto the use of letters, words and language as a choreographic structure\u2014which\nadds yet another layer to the interpretation of this fragment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As such, this fragment points to the\ncomplexity of the relationship between language and choreography. This fragment\nembodies a prime concern within dance scholarship; namely, the question of how\nto define the ontology of choreography. Based on the etymology of choreography (<em>choreo\/graphein<\/em>), questions have been\nraised as to whether or not choreography can be seen as a particular from of\n(bodily) writing (Gardner 2008; Foster 2010; Franko 2011). Interestingly,\nbecause she uses <em>spoken <\/em>language\ninstead of physical movement, Edvardsen\u2019s works reassesses this relation\nbetween language and choreography. She gives a twist to their presumed\nrelation: choreography is not only a form of bodily writing, and it can in fact\nreside within language itself, in the form of words that are pronounced on\nstage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 id=\"moving-words\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Moving Words <\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">What form does language take when it\nis created as dance? In <em>Black, <\/em>dance\nis articulated through the composition of words. This is done, for example, by\nmanner in which the last \u201ctable\u201d in \u201ctable table table table table table table\ntable\u201d raises slightly upwards and how Edvardsen\u2019s pronunciation of \u201cfull full\nfull full full full full full,\u201d during the watering of her invisible plant,\nsounds exactly like sloshing water pouring out of a full water bottle.\nFurthermore, in <em>No Title<\/em>, dance is\nexpressed in the repetition of the \u201cme\u2014not gone\u201d-phrase that is altered\nslightly each time it occurs. For example, first, we hear \u201cme\u2014not god, not all,\nnot gone,\u201d and, later on, \u201cI was not here, I was not gone.\u201d The repetitions of\nand variations on this phrase are the linguistic equivalent of repetitions of\nand variations on a particular moving sequence that reappears throughout a dance\nwith human bodies. As such, the phrases\u2019 rhythmic structures provoke a sense of\nmovement in language.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 id=\"video-2\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Video <\/strong>2<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Mette Edvardsen | Black\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/O33vMopSruI?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"> In <em>Black, <\/em>dance is articulated through the composition of words <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Moreover, the physical endeavor of pronouncing words also connects language to movement. The seemingly evident observation that speech is language filtered through a voice, supported by a body and projected in to space (Fischer-Lichte 125) helps to consider language as something that can produce movement and dance. A review of <em>No Title <\/em>beautifully describes how the text is fully entangled with Edvardsen\u2019s body: \u201cEdvardsen\u2019s voice does not simply pronounce words but expresses its own muscular quality\u201d (Minns and Albano 2018). In other words, Edvardsen thinks\u2014and talks\u2014as a choreographer. This is, for instance, discernible in how she embodies, pronounces and articulates the various repetitions that occur in <em>Black. <\/em>The eight-fold repetition of certain words is clearly a difficult task, since we witness Edvardsen\u2019s mouth and jaw muscles struggle with the pronunciation of \u201cparticle particle particle particle particle particle particle particle.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Towards the end of <em>No Title<\/em>, Edvardsen speeds up the rhythm of her text, and, after a while, it is no longer possible to hear each and every single word or phrase. This is similar to how a dancer\u2019s virtuous and rapid (physical) movements hinder us from being able to observe each individual gesture. As Edvardsen explains, the act of embodying words allows her to foreground the rhythmic qualities of a text: \u201ca poem is not only about understanding the meaning of a poem: it is the texture of it, the rhythm, the musicality\u201d (Simpson 2016). Edvardsen\u2019s works foreground how the\npronunciation of a word is in fact a physical activity. This stems from her\nroots as a choreographer; she makes precise choices in the way in which her\nbody interacts with the text. In other words, the rhythm of the text\nintensifies the physical act of pronunciation and, in foregrounding both these\nrhythmic and physical aspects of language, Edvardsen creates a dance through\nwords.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 id=\"moving-imagination\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Moving Imagination<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The rhythm of the text and the way in\nwhich the body engages with the words work together to create a sense of dance\nwithin language. Moreover, the text is structured on a semantic level through\nthe constant interplay between presence and absence (<em>Black<\/em>), and between appearance and disappearance (<em>No Title<\/em>). The continuous friction that\nresults from this has a peculiar effect on the audience\u2019s imagination. The\nempty space in which the words are pronounced contrasts with the way in which\nthe rhythm of the text explicitly triggers the listeners to envisage the word\u2019s\nreferences. In other words, the audience is constantly swaying between what is\npresent in their minds and what is absent on stage. In this sense, the text\nproduces a sense of motion, now located within the imagination of the audience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The previously mentioned sequence of <em>No Title<\/em>, in which Edvardsen announces\nthe disappearance of choreography, exemplifies this dynamic. It almost seems as\nif the echoes of the words compose a choreographic pattern on the empty space.\nImmediately after she announces the (impossible) disappearance of choreography\n(\u201cGoing from B to A to C\u2014gone\u201d), she draws a line and writes next to it \u201cline.\u201d\nThen, she attempts to remove this actual line and the word \u201cline\u201d with her\nhands (see Figure 2). Because her eyes are closed, she is not able to remove\nthe chalk and after a few seconds, she is wiping the floor next to the line. This simple action is preceded by an\nenumeration of various things that appear vividly present, precisely by virtue\nof the fact that they were claimed to be \u201cgone.\u201d In combination with the\ndifferent words that still linger around in the space, her failed attempt of\nwiping the floor shows how it is impossible to successfully delete something\nwhen it has already entered the performance space. <\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"599\" data-attachment-id=\"279\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/movement-through-language-a-reflection-on-the-use-of-spoken-text-in-dance-performances\/image2-11\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/11\/image2.jpeg\" data-orig-size=\"400,599\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image2\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Black by Mette Edvardsen. Created by Mette Edvardsen. February 24, 2011. Kaaistudio\u2019s, Brussel. Photo: Justin Yockney&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/11\/image2.jpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/11\/image2.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-279\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/11\/image2.jpeg 400w, https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/11\/image2-200x300.jpeg 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Black <\/em>by Mette Edvardsen. Created by Mette Edvardsen. February 24, 2011. Kaaistudio\u2019s, Brussel. Photo: Justin Yockney<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A similar strategy is at work in <em>Black. <\/em>Throughout this performance, the\nrepetition of the words \u201ctable\u201d and \u201cchair\u201d occur several times. The first time\nshe pronounces these words, Edvardsen clearly situates the table and the chair\nwithin the space: her gestures mark the contours of the furniture. However,\nafter several repetitions, the words are no longer precisely marked in space,\nbecause Edvardsen ceases to make gestures that depict the position of these\nwords. Nevertheless, we still remember exactly where the furniture was placed\noriginally, because the previous utterances and their accompanying gestures\nstill echo through the space. The patterns that arise here, from words emerged\nout of bodies, with accompanying gestures through space, can be considered\nchoreographic structures. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Therefore, the audience\u2019s imagination\nand memory are central within both pieces. As Edvardsen points out: \u201cfor me art\nneeds to be about imagination and the capacity to evoke, to create poetry, to\nmake things up and propose visions\u201d (\u201cDouble-interview\u201d\n73). Unfolding through empty spaces, with Edvardsen as the only presence\nin the room, <em>Black <\/em>and <em>No Title <\/em>invite us to actively\nparticipate, situate, color, and imagine the objects to which Edvardsen\u2019s words\nrefer. In other words, the repetition of each\nword in <em>Black <\/em>\u201ccreates a peculiar\nfocus in which appearance and disappearance, beginning and ending are\nintertwined\u201d (Peeters 19). In <em>No Title<\/em>,\nthe negated thing appears precisely by virtue of negation. As Edvardsen\nexplains: \u201cthrough language another access to imagination opened, I found\u201d\n(73). Therefore, \u201cit is not so much an interest in language as such but more\nwhat it makes possible\u201d (75). In Edvardsen\u2019s hands, words become fluid, start\nto dance, through an empty space, evoking images in the minds of the audience. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 id=\"concluding-remarks\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Concluding Remarks<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In <em>Black <\/em>and <em>No Title, <\/em>the organization of words in time and space turns language into dance. Because words will never fully turn into mere sounds, a remnant of their meaning continues to shine through them. The relationship between language and movement operates on several levels: through the internal rhythm of language, through the entanglement between text and body, and through the ability of language to set the imagination of the audience in motion<em>. <\/em>The words of <em>Black <\/em>and <em>No Title<\/em>, intertwined with Edvardsen\u2019s body, vibrate through space, guide the spectators\u2019 imagination and, therefore, dance. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The use of spoken language in dance\nperformances is an important feature of the contemporary Belgian dance scene.\nBy building on recent theoretical studies that investigate the nature of dance,\nI tried to illustrate how Edvardsen\u2019s <em>Black\n<\/em>and <em>No Title <\/em>mirror these claims;\nnamely, that dance can express itself beyond physical movement. These\nperformances experiment with the capacity of words to flicker, fumble and slip\nthrough (imaginary) spaces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5 id=\"endnotes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Endnotes<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#end1\" name=\"back1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> See, for instance Muto (2016); Cvejic (2015); Franko (2011) and Gardner (2008).\nThese authors elaborate on the relation between dance and language through the notion of \u201cchoreography\u201d as dance-writing. Their writings offer nuanced readings of dance in relation to language. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a name=\"end2\" href=\"#back2\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a> Unspecified quotes refer to sections in the performances in which Mette\nEdvardsen pronounces these sentences. The sentences or paragraphs in which these quotes are embedded clarify whether they are from either <em>Black <\/em>or <em>No Title.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5 id=\"bibliography\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Bibliography<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingIndent wp-block-paragraph\">Alano, Caterina, and Nicholas Minns.\n\u201cMette Edvardsen, No Title, Fest en Fest, Laurie Grove Studios.\u201d Review. <em>Writing About Dance. <\/em>20 July 2018. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingIndent wp-block-paragraph\">Cvejic, Bojana. <em>Choreographing\nProblems: Expressive Concepts in Contemporary Dance and Performance. <\/em>Palgrave\nMacmillan, 2015.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingIndent wp-block-paragraph\">Edvardsen, Mette. <em>Black<\/em>. Performance, 24 Feb. 2011,\nKaaistudio\u2019s, Brussels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingIndent wp-block-paragraph\">\u2014\u2014\u2014. \u201cNo Title.\u201d Performance, 4 Feb. 2014, Kaaistudio\u2019s, Brussels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingIndent wp-block-paragraph\">\u2014\u2014\u2014. \u201cThe Picture of a Stone.\u201d <em>Post-Dance<\/em>, edited by Danjel Andersson et al., MDT, 2017, pp. 216\u201321.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingIndent wp-block-paragraph\">\u2014\u2014\u2014. <em>Not Not Nothing.<\/em> Varamo Press, 2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingIndent wp-block-paragraph\">Edvardsen, Mette, and Mette Ingvartsen. \u201cDouble-interview\nbetween Mette Edvardsen and Mette Ingvartsen.\u201d <em>Choreography<\/em>, vol. 1, no. 1, 2016, pp. 70\u201376.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingIndent wp-block-paragraph\">Fischer-Lichte, Erika. <em>The Transformative Power of Performance<\/em>.\nRoutledge, 2004.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingIndent wp-block-paragraph\">Foster, Susan Leigh. <em>Choreographing Empathy<\/em>. Routledge, 2010.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingIndent wp-block-paragraph\">Franko, Mark. \u201cWriting for the Body.\u201d <em>Common\nKnowledge<\/em>, vol. 17, no. 2,\n2011, pp. 321\u201334.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingIndent wp-block-paragraph\">Gardner, Sally. \u201cNotes on Choreography.\u201d\n<em>Performance Research<\/em>, vol. 13, no. 1, 2008, pp. 55\u201360.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingIndent wp-block-paragraph\">Lepecki, Andr\u00e9. <em>Exhausting Dance:\nPerformance and the Politics of Movement<\/em>. Routledge, 2006.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingIndent wp-block-paragraph\">\u2014\u2014\u2014. <em>Singularities: Dance in the Age of Performance<\/em>. Routledge, 2016.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingIndent wp-block-paragraph\">Muto, Daisuke. \u201cChoreography as Meshwork: The Production\nof Motion and the Vernacular.\u201d <em>Choreography\nand Corporeality: Relay in Motion<\/em>, edited byThomas DeFrantz and Philipa Rothfield, Palgrave Macmillan, 2016, pp. 31\u201350.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingIndent wp-block-paragraph\">Peeters, Jeroen. <em>Something, Some Things, Something Else. <\/em>Varamo Press, 2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingIndent wp-block-paragraph\">Protopapa, Efrosini. \u201cContemporary\nChoreographic Practice: From Exhaustion to Possibilising.\u201d <em>Contemporary\nTheatre Review<\/em>, vol. 26, no. 2, 2016, pp. 168\u2013182.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingIndent wp-block-paragraph\">Simpson, Veronica. Interview by Mette\nEdvardsen. <em>Studio International<\/em>, 27\nDec. 2016. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingIndent wp-block-paragraph\">Sp\u00e5ngberg, M\u00e5rten. \u201cPost-dance, an Advocacy.\u201d <em>Post-Dance<\/em>, edited by Danjel Andersson et al.,\nMDT, 2017, pp. 349\u201393.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingIndent wp-block-paragraph\">Vujanovi\u0107, Ana. \u201cA Late Night Theory of Post-Dance, a\nself-interview.\u201d <em>Post-Dance<\/em>, edited by Danjel Andersson et al., MDT, 2017, pp. 44\u201366.<a name=\"end\">&nbsp;<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" data-attachment-id=\"280\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/movement-through-language-a-reflection-on-the-use-of-spoken-text-in-dance-performances\/image3-10\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/11\/image3.png\" data-orig-size=\"206,206\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image3\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/11\/image3.png\" src=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/11\/image3-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-280 alignnone\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/11\/image3-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/11\/image3.png 206w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><br>&nbsp;\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a name=\"end\" href=\"#back\">*<\/a><strong>Rosa Lambert<\/strong> has obtained a Master in Theatre and Film studies in 2017 and is currently working on an FWO-funded PhD project in performance studies at the University of Antwerp (<em><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.uantwerpen.be\/en\/research-groups\/vispoet\/\" target=\"_blank\">Research Centre for Visual Poetics<\/a>). <\/em>In her project \u201cMoving With(in) Language: Kinetic Textuality in Contemporary Performing Arts,\u201d she looks into the affiliation between language and movement, as exposed within the work of contemporary theatre, performance and dance artists.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Copyright <strong>\u00a9<\/strong> 2019 Rosa Lambert<br><em>Critical Stages\/Sc\u00e8nes critiques<\/em> e-ISSN: 2409-7411<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/88x31.png\" alt=\"Creative Commons Attribution International License\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">This work is licensed under the<br>Creative Commons Attribution International License CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":278,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[4],"tags":[11],"class_list":["post-277","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-essays","tag-essay-front"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/11\/image1.jpeg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":517,"url":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/creating-dance-with-elders-and-how-to-see-it-company-of-elders-in-the-festival-of-world\/","url_meta":{"origin":277,"position":0},"title":"Creating Dance with Elders, and How to See It: Company of Elders in the World Gold Theatre Festival","author":"Rosa Lambert","date":"December 3, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Katsuhiko Sakaguchi* Abstract The Company of Elders, produced by Sadler\u2019s Wells Theatre (U.K.), was invited by Saitama Arts Theatre (Japan) in 2018 as a model for dance companies which feature elderly performers. The article discusses how the triple bill by the company strived to explore the possibilities of creating dance\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Special Topic&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Special Topic","link":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/category\/special-topic\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/12\/image3-1.jpeg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/12\/image3-1.jpeg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/12\/image3-1.jpeg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/12\/image3-1.jpeg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":91,"url":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/age-on-stage\/","url_meta":{"origin":277,"position":1},"title":"Age on Stage","author":"Rosa Lambert","date":"October 8, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Nancy Westman* Abstract Age on Stage started in Sweden in 2015, in order to allow mature professional dance artists to carry on their careers for as long as they wish. Charlotta \u00d6fverholm is the woman behind the project. She and Age on Stage are now joining forces, in Sweden as\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Special Topic&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Special Topic","link":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/category\/special-topic\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/image1-2.jpeg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/image1-2.jpeg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/image1-2.jpeg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/image1-2.jpeg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":221,"url":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/dance-and-age\/","url_meta":{"origin":277,"position":2},"title":"Dance and Age","author":"Rosa Lambert","date":"October 21, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Margareta S\u00f6renson* Abstract Dancers \u201cdie\u201d young. This is what most people think, and if the reference is classical ballet, it might be the case. Yet, the examples of Ohno, Manning, Ek, Fonteyn, Bausch show quite the opposite:\u00a0that there is still life for a dancer who is no longer young. This\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Special Topic&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Special Topic","link":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/category\/special-topic\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/featured.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/featured.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/featured.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/featured.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":583,"url":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/dance-in-the-forest-an-example-of-immersive-theatre\/","url_meta":{"origin":277,"position":3},"title":"Dance in the Forest, an Example of Immersive Theatre","author":"Rosa Lambert","date":"December 10, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Manuel Garcia Martinez* Kunstenfestivaldesarts in Brussels, Belgium, May 2019. The Brussels Kunstenfestivaldesarts presented a great variety of shows that is difficult to summarize. Several sought to establish new forms of spectator involvement. Among the dance shows presented, Somnia, directed by choreographer Anne Teresa de Keersmaeker, was undoubtedly one of the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Performance Reviews&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Performance Reviews","link":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/category\/performance-reviews\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/12\/5.F%C3%BAria.Lia-Rodrigues.CiaRodriguesCompanhia-de-Dan%C3%A7as.2019-%C2%A9-Sammy-Landweer.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/12\/5.F%C3%BAria.Lia-Rodrigues.CiaRodriguesCompanhia-de-Dan%C3%A7as.2019-%C2%A9-Sammy-Landweer.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/12\/5.F%C3%BAria.Lia-Rodrigues.CiaRodriguesCompanhia-de-Dan%C3%A7as.2019-%C2%A9-Sammy-Landweer.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/12\/5.F%C3%BAria.Lia-Rodrigues.CiaRodriguesCompanhia-de-Dan%C3%A7as.2019-%C2%A9-Sammy-Landweer.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":240,"url":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/seeking-the-other-staging-the-paroxysms-of-orientalism-i\/","url_meta":{"origin":277,"position":4},"title":"Seeking the Other:  Staging the Paroxysms of Orientalism","author":"Rosa Lambert","date":"October 22, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0Yana Meerzon* Abstract In this hybrid (essay\/interview) article, Yana Meerzon analyzes the production Mahmoud & Niny, directed by Henri Jules Julien and presented at the Avignon Festival, July 14-22, 2019. Developed through a series of conversations and workshops with its major participants, Mahmoud El Haddad and\u00a0Virginie Gabriel, this performance provides\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Essays&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Essays","link":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/category\/essays\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/image5-7.jpeg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/image5-7.jpeg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/image5-7.jpeg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/image5-7.jpeg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":202,"url":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/on-dramaturgy-of-care-and-encounter-in-the-theatres-of-multilingualism-interview-with-ayham-majid-agha\/","url_meta":{"origin":277,"position":5},"title":"On Dramaturgy of Care and Encounter in the Theatres of Multilingualism: Interview with Ayham Majid Agha","author":"Rosa Lambert","date":"October 20, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"by Yana Meerzon* Abstract This dialogue between a Syrian theatre director, Ayham Majid Agha, who is currently residing in Berlin, and a theatre scholar, Yana Meerzon, focuses on the challenges and advantages of working in the multilingual performance context of a cosmopolitan metropolis such as Berlin. The artist discusses the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Essays&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Essays","link":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/category\/essays\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/Ayham-Majid-Agha-featured.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/Ayham-Majid-Agha-featured.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/Ayham-Majid-Agha-featured.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/Ayham-Majid-Agha-featured.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/277","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=277"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/277\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1265,"href":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/277\/revisions\/1265"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/278"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=277"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=277"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=277"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}