{"id":190,"date":"2019-10-21T10:24:58","date_gmt":"2019-10-21T10:24:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/?p=190"},"modified":"2022-02-05T13:28:38","modified_gmt":"2022-02-05T13:28:38","slug":"no-womans-land-walking-as-a-dramaturgical-device-in-performance-of-maternal-migration","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/no-womans-land-walking-as-a-dramaturgical-device-in-performance-of-maternal-migration\/","title":{"rendered":"No Woman\u2019s Land:  Walking as a Dramaturgical Device in Performance of Maternal Migration"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Rosie Garton<\/strong><a href=\"#end\" name=\"back\">*<\/a> and <strong>Ildik\u00f3 Rippel<\/strong><a href=\"#end2\" name=\"back2\">**<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"abstract\"><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-drop-cap abstract\">In reference to Zoo Indigo\u2019s autobiographical production No Woman\u2019s Land (2016), this chapter discusses the performance walk as a methodology towards a dramaturgy of migration. Ildik\u00f3 Rippel and Rosie Garton (Zoo Indigo) physically retraced the 220-mile migratory walk of a refugee mother, in search of an embodied experience of endurance. The chapter argues that, through the concrete experience of the walk and the staging of the exhausted maternal body, the performers developed a dramaturgy of authenticity in the performance of migration. In reference to kinesthetic empathy, the chapter proposes that audiences equally experience an authenticity effect in witnessing exhaustion and the act of walking on stage.<br><strong>Keywords: <\/strong>No Woman\u2019s Land, performance walk, walking women artists, kinesthetic engagemen<em>t<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"introduction\"><strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>In 1945, Ildik\u00f3 Rippel\u2019s grandmother, Lucia, was expelled from her place of birth in lower Silesia. The area was liberated by the Soviet Army and a systematic rape of German women was ordered as a retribution for the atrocities and war crimes committed by Nazi Germany. After being raped, Lucia was forced to leave her home. She walked three months through the fractured post-war landscape of Europe, dragging her two small children and all of her belongings in a cart. In August 2015, seventy years after the end of the Second World War, Rosie Garton and Ildik\u00f3 Rippel (Zoo Indigo theatre company) re-walked this 220-mile journey from Brze\u017anica, Poland, to Pulspforde, Germany, crossing borders, climbing fences, bleeding, blistering, carrying their own children as life-size cardboard cut outs, strapped to the performers\u2019 backpacks in flat-pack form. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The\nre-tracing of this walk produced a change of the performers\u2019 bodies, an\n\u201cauthentic\u201d physicality, marked by exhaustion and the bodies\u2019 memory of the\nendurance. The project explored a dramaturgy of migration, the maternal body\nand authenticity in performance, through the inclusion of real (hi)stories and\nthe embodied experience of a migratory walk. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In Zoo Indigo\u2019s performative response to the walk, <em>No Woman\u2019s Land <\/em>(<em>NWL<\/em> 2016), the duo re-engaged with the experienced endurance. Throughout the piece the performers (and sometimes audience members) walked on treadmills through digital projections of past and present landscapes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This\narticle discusses the performance walk as a methodology towards a dramaturgy of\nmigration, enabling an authentic representation of the migrant mother through\nthe staging of the exhausted female body, the interweaving of documentary\nfootage and the real act of walking. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"598\" data-attachment-id=\"192\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/no-womans-land-walking-as-a-dramaturgical-device-in-performance-of-maternal-migration\/image1-8\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/image1-7.jpeg\" data-orig-size=\"400,598\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image1\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Rosie and Ildiko walking with flatpack kids. Preparing for the walk. Photo: Tom Walsh&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/image1-7-201x300.jpeg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/image1-7.jpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/image1-7.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-192\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/image1-7.jpeg 400w, https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/image1-7-201x300.jpeg 201w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><figcaption>Rosie and Ildiko walking with flatpack kids. Preparing for the walk. Photo: Tom Walsh<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"re-tracing-migration-a-performance-walk\"><strong>Re-tracing Migration:\nA Performance Walk <\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>Walking as durational performance has been explored frequently in contemporary art practices. One of the earliest and most piercingly poetic examples is <em>Lovers: The Great Wall Walk<\/em> (1988) by performance art couple Marina Abramovic and Ulay. The artists walked 2,500 kilometers each from opposite ends of the Great Wall of China to meet in the middle for a last embrace\u2014to separate and end their relationship. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"video-1\"><strong>Video 1<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<div align=\"center\" style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 14px\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"800\" height=\"449\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/zaso0j9x098?rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"\"><\/iframe><br>Abramovic and Ulay walked continuously for 90 days. They met at Er Lang Shn, in Shen Mu, Shaanxi province, where they ended their relationship<\/div><br>\n\n\n\n<p>In\nrecent decades, the performance walk as an art form has evolved, but with practitioners such as Lone Twin\nand Carl Lavery establishing it as a male-led art form. Carl Lavery\u2019s <em>Mourning\nWalk <\/em>(2004), for example,\nexplored walking as pilgrimage, to\nmourn his father\u2019s death in retracing a journey regularly undertaken by the\nfather. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>More\nrecently, notions of gendered walking have been challenged by Dee Heddon and\nCathy Turner (2012), who confront ideological notions of where and how women\ncan navigate landscape on foot. Heddon and Turner describe women\u2019s \u201cheroic\nwalking\u201d as \u201cwalking that takes place on a long-durational and geographical\nscale\u201d (229) and argue \u201cthat the reiteration of a particular genealogy\u2014or\nfraternity . . . generates an orthodoxy of walking, tending towards an\nimplicitly masculinist ideology\u201d (224). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div align=\"center\" style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 14px\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"800\" height=\"449\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/mWJ8y202Q1M?rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"\"><\/iframe><br>Contextual trailer for the walk. Video credit: Tom Walsh<\/div><br>\n\n\n\n<p>A\nsignificant number of walking women artists has emerged in the last decade to\nchallenge this prevailing patriarchal ideology, such as Louise Ann Wilson or\nSimone Kenyon. Walking as pilgrimage, a therapeutic and performative act to\novercome trauma, has been explored in Louise Ann Wilson\u2019s <em>Fissure <\/em>(2011), a response to the illness and death of her sister\ndue to a brain tumor, and the grief caused by her loss. This performance walk, Fiona\nWilkie argues, \u201cattempts . . . to understand something of the body\u2019s fallibility\nand to explore ways of coping with death\u201d (26). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In contrast\nto Wilson\u2019s exploration of coping with death and the body\u2019s fallibility, our research focused on the ability of the\nmigrant maternal body to survive through physical endurance at times of crisis. Carol Martin\nstates \u201cmuch of today\u2019s dramaturgy of the real uses the frame of the stage not\nas a separation, but as a communion of the real and simulated; not as a\ndistancing of fiction from nonfiction, but as a melding of the two\u201d (2).&nbsp;An\nexperiential quality was fundamental to representing Lucia\u2019s experience with a\nsense of the <em>real. <\/em>We accessed a physical understanding of<em> real <\/em>endurance,\ndistance and landscape. We retraced a walk that had been undertaken previously\nand, in this sense, it became a walk back in time, or what Lavery refers to as a\n\u201cghost walk\u201d(qtd. in Qualmann and Hind 2015). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fiona Wilkie writes that such <em>historical walks<\/em>\noffer a \u201cframework that immediately imagines a historical relationship,\nestablishing a dialogue between a past and a present\u201d (26). With the aim of creating a studio performance, we were seeking secrets\nthat we suspected could only be found in the landscapes Lucia walked through\nand hid in. We craved something beyond what books, journals, internet searches\nand familial tales could offer, an empathic connection with the past, a taste\nof Lucia\u2019s labour. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>According\nto Vittorio Gallesse, empathy \u201centails the capacity to experience what others\ndo and yet to attribute these shared experiences to others and not to the self\u201d\n(773). Gallese also uses the German word <em>Einf\u00fchlung<\/em>, literally meaning \u201cfeeling\ninto,\u201d an ability to get under the skin of the other person\u2019s perspective or\nexperience: \u201cFor a fleeting moment I simulate your action, and in so doing I\nimagine that I occupy your place, that I am the vicarious agent of your\nmovement, your experience, your utterance\u201d (124). To gain a greater level of\nempathy for Lucia\u2019s migratory walk, we needed to undergo it, to pierce the\nlandscape with our footsteps. Mapping her journey through our bodies would\ncreate a dramaturgical map of the real as a starting point for the devising\nprocess. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"634\" data-attachment-id=\"193\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/no-womans-land-walking-as-a-dramaturgical-device-in-performance-of-maternal-migration\/image2-8\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/image2-7.jpeg\" data-orig-size=\"800,634\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image2\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Extract from Rosie\u2019s sketch diary; end of the first week&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/image2-7-300x238.jpeg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/image2-7.jpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/image2-7.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-193\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/image2-7.jpeg 800w, https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/image2-7-300x238.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/image2-7-768x609.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption>Extract from Rosie\u2019s sketch diary; end of the first week<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"performing-migration-a-dramaturgy-of-past-and-present\"><strong>Performing\nMigration: <em>A Dramaturgy of Past and Present<\/em><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>Our \u201cghost walk\u201d was an attempt to engage in a conversation between past and present, to retrace a history of forced migration whilst considering the urgency of current refugee politics. Wilkie suggests that the inevitable merging of the <em>then<\/em> and <em>now<\/em> when retracing the steps of others allows access to significant <em>similarities<\/em> and <em>discrepancies <\/em>of the past and present: \u201cWhen a walk enacts a retracing, it also marks out\u2014footstep by footstep\u2014historical changes, personal differences and cultural shifts\u201d (26, 27). As we walked, we were aware of our luxuries: the hotel, the food, the occasional bubbling beverage in a sunny beer garden. These personal differences felt vast, unfathomable. The exhaustion, dehydration, blisters, bruised toenails and swollen limbs we suffered did not compare to Lucia\u2019s experience. We were safe and fed, not fearful of being raped. Still, we hurt and felt an empathy with Lucia\u2019s experience. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>After\na long eighteen-mile walk through the flat Silesian landscape in Poland, we\nreached our hotel, where news of the escalating refugee crisis flickered on the\nTV in the lobby. Unfamiliar with the language, we focused on the images\u2014a mass of fleeing\npeople, babies and belongings strapped in impossible shapes to exhausted and distressed\nbodies. Lucia walked because she was forced as a\nresult of the shifting powers in Europe at the time. The historical resonances\nof the walk were brought dramatically up to date by rapid developments in the\ncurrent refugee crisis, urging survival, migration, border politics and\nphallogocentric power structures to the forefront of the project. The past and\npresent were stumbling into each other in a desperate and recurring cycle of\nwar and migration. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In\nthe making of <em>NWL<\/em>, documentary film\nwas one of the dramaturgical devices we used to represent a collision of past\nand present and to chart a journey through unstable geographies as a result of\nwar and migration. Documentary footage is a frequently used device instead of\ncreating fictional scenarios or characters within dramaturgies of the real\n(Martin 2). Experiences of war, flight and migration are arguably\nnon-representable through theatrical fiction, and the film footage powerfully\nand authentically presents these real situations. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Steve\nDixon argues that \u201cin digital theatre it is often the media projection rather\nthan the live performer that wields the real power, the sense of . . . reality\u201d\n(122). Throughout the walk we filmed landscapes, spaces where borders once\nwere, textures underfoot and moments of our own exhausted hysteria. We attempted\nto capture the endurance of retracing migration as well as the near-utopia of the\npresent-day borderless and united Europe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In\nthe <em>NWL<\/em> performance, this video\nmaterial was juxtaposed with documentary footage of women and children moving\nthrough a war-torn post-apocalyptic landscape in 1945. On our return from the\nwalk, sifting through this vast amount of collected footage was a\nmethod of remembering, selecting, ordering and reflecting on previously unseen\nconnections. Film documentation became a dramaturgical map for both the\ndevising process and the performance structure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <em>NWL<\/em> set is formed of a white three-dimensional plywood landscape to\nresemble a 3D pop-up book. In an attempt to bring the audience into the\nlandscape of the walk of both 2015 and 1945, digital animations pulsate across\nthe set. Archival footage of refugees from 1945 is contrasted\nwith footage of us walking through the same landscapes; videos of recent Syrian\nrefugees also stagger through our scenography. Emulating the shifting\nhistorical border crossings that Lucia walked through and we retraced, digital\nmedia and performance text crisscrossed between <em>then <\/em>and <em>now<\/em>, between\nPoland and Germany, between German and English. The opposition\nof the refugees\u2019 desperate situation to our relative comforts sits\nuncomfortably while critically addressing the urgency of the current refugee\ncrisis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" data-attachment-id=\"194\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/no-womans-land-walking-as-a-dramaturgical-device-in-performance-of-maternal-migration\/image3-7\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/image3-5.jpeg\" data-orig-size=\"800,533\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image3\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Rehearsal image from No Woman\u2019s Land performance. Photo: David Wilson Clarke&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/image3-5-300x200.jpeg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/image3-5.jpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/image3-5.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-194\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/image3-5.jpeg 800w, https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/image3-5-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/image3-5-768x512.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption>Rehearsal image from <em>No Woman\u2019s Land<\/em> performance. Photo: David Wilson Clarke<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"excerpt-from-no-woman-s-land\"><strong>Excerpt from <em>No Woman\u2019s Land<\/em><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Rosie<\/strong>: You are here. It\u2019s 2015, it\u2019s a hot summer\u2019s day and you are walking blissfully from Poland to Germany. You reach the river Neisse. There is a bridge and on the other side of the bridge there is another country.<br><strong>Ildik\u00f3<\/strong>: You are also here. It\u2019s 1985, you are in East Germany, at the river Neisse. There\u2019s a bridge, and on the bridge the border, Stacheldraht und die bewaffnete Grenzpolizei. On the other side of the river is as another country, as far away as a distant star.<br><strong>Rosie<\/strong>:&nbsp; You are also here. It\u2019s 1932, Weimar Germany, you\u2019re having a picnic at the river Neisse, and your children are swimming from shore to shore.<br><strong>Ildik\u00f3<\/strong>: Sie sind hier. It\u2019s 1945, Niemandsland. You are escaping, pushing a pram and you arrive at the river Neisse, wanting to cross to the other side.<br><strong>Rosie<\/strong>: You are still here, at the river Neisse in 1932, having a picnic. You see your sister on the other side and you call to her to join you: \u201cGretchen, would you like a sausage?\u201d<br><strong>Ildik\u00f3<\/strong>: Sie sind immer noch hier, 1945, you cannot cross to the other side of the river, the bridge has been bombed. You need to walk another twenty kilometers to reach the next crossing. Das Baby im Kinderwagen ist ganz still, the baby has stopped breathing, the baby has died of exhaustion.<br><strong>Rosie<\/strong>: You are still here, in 2015, crossing from the Polish side of the city to the German side. No interruptions, no borders checks, no passport control, so you just keep on walking.<\/p><cite>(Zoo Indigo [unpublished performance script] 7)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"performing-walking-kinesthetic-engagement\"><strong>Performing\nWalking:<\/strong> <strong>Kinesthetic\nEngagement<\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>Lavery discusses the complexities between histories, walking, storytelling, imagination, site and autobiography, and articulates an intimate connection between walking, writing and performing (qtd. in Mock 42). Roberta Mock further suggests that the intimate relationship between walking and performing provides a platform where \u201c[t]ime, space and body fold together through kinaesthesia\u201d (10). In this sense, walking becomes a kinesthetic dramaturgical research device, as the act of walking is a way of orientating or path-finding through a landscape, just as the dramaturg navigates through performance material.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cathy\nTurner and Synne Behrndt\u2019s description of dramaturgy as a process of\n\u201cmap-making\u201d (180) articulates our own process of assembling the maps of\nlandscape, history, stories and experiences into a performance work. The act of\nwalking in the research for <em>NWL<\/em>\nprovided a method of understanding a historical narrative. Dramaturgically, the\nact of walking became both a structural and thematic compositional tool. In the\nrehearsal room, we made a list of opposing and colliding pairings that pushed\ntheir way to the forefront of our memories of the walk: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"lucia-s-walk-our-walk\"><strong>Lucia\u2019s walk\/<em>our walk<\/em><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>Past (forced) migration\/<em>present (forced) migration<\/em><br>Motherhood\/<em>motherhood<\/em> <br>Past landscape\/<em>present<\/em> <em>landscape<\/em><br>Past borders \/<em>present crossings<\/em><br>Relentless endurance \/ <em>escapable endurance<\/em>&nbsp; <br>Danger, fear \/ <em>aches, pains, blisters<\/em><br>Urgency\/<em>pace<\/em><br>Walking<em>\/walking<\/em><br><em>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Walking<\/em><br><em>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Walking, walking, walking \u2026 <\/em><\/p><cite> (Zoo Indigo [unpublished rehearsal notes] 15) <\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Our\nconcern was with the translation of our real embodied experience of walking\ninto the performance arena: we wanted to present a sense of authenticity with\nrespect to a migratory walking experience. Anna Fenemore writes of a\n\u201cvisceral-visual\u201d performance process (110) in order to generate kinesthetic empathy\nfrom the audience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"video-3\"><strong>Video 3<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<div align=\"center\" style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 14px\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"800\" height=\"449\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/TPJjHl1DtVY?rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"\"><\/iframe><br>Teaser for the<em> No Woman\u2019s Land <\/em>performance. Video Credit: Barret Hodgson<\/div><br>\n\n\n\n<p>Kinethesia\ndescribes a bodily awareness of visceral sensations through touch, sight and hearing\n(Reynolds and Reason 17). The empathetic experience of performance enables the\naudience to perceive the performance rather than read it, as the spectator is\nchemically and physically interwoven with the performance material. Dee\nReynolds suggests that emotional responses take place on a cognitive level and\naffective responses take a more embodied form. \u201cTo be \u2018affected\u2019 is to be moved\nin an embodied sense rather than in the more cognitive response, which may be\nimplied by emotional response, for example, to a fictive character\u201d (124).\nFenemore suggests that bodily sensations can be transferred between performer\nand audience through touch, somaticism and vision, and that this sensorial\nevent elicits empathic engagement; \u201cCertain somaesthetic sensations can be\ndeveloped where kinesthetic sensations of movement can begin to exist <em>without<\/em> touch or direct physical\nmanipulation\u201d (113). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To\nachieve this empathic transference we used treadmills, which became the stationary\nvehicle to explore the narrative of migration and to enable a sense of\nembodiment and kinesthetic empathy. The whirring machines continually pace\nthrough the 75 minutes of performance and we take turns with audience members treading\non their conveyor belts. White vinyl strips run across the floor from under the\ntreadmills like pathways, used as projection surfaces for videos of moving\ntextures of woodland and tarmac, enabling the walker on the treadmill to trudge\nthrough a past and present landscape. \u201cThe rhythms and repetitive movements on\nthe treadmill build and converge with discordant accordion music to create\ntension, anxiety, threat\u201d (McAuley 2018). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As we\nperform, we (along with some audience members) metaphorically pace through the\ntime zones of 1945, 2015 and the present day on stage, exhausting ourselves to\nrelive the strains of our own and Lucia\u2019s walking experiences. As spectators\nview our physical efforts, they sense our fatigue and perceive a sense of\nauthenticity in our continued marching. The audience members who walk on the\ntreadmills are also offered a physical understanding of the endurance of\nwalking as part of a migratory experience. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>During our research, we discovered the strategies employed by women in political crises to avoid rape as systematic weapon of war. Women wore multiple layers of baggy clothing, with the hope of not appearing sexually desirable. During the <em>NWL<\/em> performance, we wrap ourselves into layer after layer, whilst increasing the speed of the treadmills. Eventually we are running, out of breath and exhausted, sweat dripping due to the increased weight and warmth of the fabrics. The audience becomes a witness and, through kinesthetic empathy, perceives the physical endurance whilst sensing the urgency of escape and the challenges that women, in particular, face in the context of migration. Whilst the relationship between performer and audience is an \u201coptical-visual performance\u201d (Fenemore 4), the authentic physical exertion of the performers\u2019 female bodies and their proximity to the audience fosters a direct kinesthetic empathy. This bodily sensation creates a \u201cvisceral-visual performance,\u201d in which the audience \u201ccan experience <em>visual <\/em>matter <em>muscularly<\/em> and be moved by visual input\u201d (113). A feedback loop of non-acted, exhausting walking emerges with the aim of piercing representation with a trace of the real migratory experience. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As\nTurner and Behrndt argue, contemporary dramaturgies interrogate presence and\nrepresentation as well as the possibility of the real within the theatrical\nframe (192). In <em>NWL<\/em>, the inclusion of real (hi)stories,\nthe integration of documentary footage and the act of walking on treadmills contribute\nto produce a dramaturgy of the real to authentically and viscerally represent\nmigration. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Crucially,\nthe research methodology of the performance walk produced a form of embodied\nresearch as a basis towards a dramaturgical map for a theatre of migration,\nwith a focus on the experience of walking women. The challenges of the walk\nproduced an empathy with the physical demands of a situation of escape. In this\ninstance, kinesthetic empathy provides the ontological ground for historical\nand political knowledge in order to represent realities of migration. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" data-attachment-id=\"195\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/no-womans-land-walking-as-a-dramaturgical-device-in-performance-of-maternal-migration\/image4-8\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/image4-4.jpeg\" data-orig-size=\"800,533\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image4\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Image from performance of No Woman\u2019s Land, running through a forest in Poland. Photo: Luke Bigg&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/image4-4-300x200.jpeg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/image4-4.jpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/image4-4.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-195\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/image4-4.jpeg 800w, https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/image4-4-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/image4-4-768x512.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption>Image from performance of <em>No Woman\u2019s Land<\/em>, running through a forest in Poland. Photo: Luke Bigg<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"bibliography\"><strong>Bibliography<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingIndent\">Fenemore, Anna. \u201cOn\nBeing Moved by Performance.\u201d <em>Performance\nResearch Journal,<\/em> vol. 8, 2003, pp. 107-14.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingIndent\">Dixon, Steve. <em>Digital Performance: A History of New Media\nIn Theater, Dance, Performance Art, And Installation<\/em>. Mit., 2007.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingIndent\">Gallese, Vittorio. \u201cEmpathy,\nEmbodied Simulation, and the Brain: Commentary on Aragno and Zepf\/Hartmann.\u201d <em>Journal\nof The American Psychoanalytic Association<\/em>, vol. 56, no. 3, 2008, pp. 769-81.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingIndent\">Heddon,\nDeirdre, and Cathy Turner. \u201cWalking Women: Shifting the Tales and Scales of Mobility.\u201d\n<em>Contemporary Theatre Review<\/em>, vol. 22,\nno. 2, 2012, pp. 224-36.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingIndent\">Louise\nAnn Wilson Company. <em>Fissure. <\/em>Performance,\n2011.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingIndent\">Lavery,\nCarl. <em>Mourning Walk. <\/em>Performance,\n2004.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingIndent\">Lavery, Carl. \u201cMourning\nWalk and Pedestrian Performance: History, Aesthetics and Ethics.\u201d <em>Walking, Writing and Performance, <\/em>edited\nby Roberta Mock, Intellect, 2009, pp. 41-56.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingIndent\">Martin, Carol. \u201cIntroduction:\nDramaturgy of the Real.\u201d<em> Dramaturgy of the Real on the World Stage, <\/em>edited by Carol Martin,Palgrave\nMacmillan<em>, <\/em>2010, pp. 1-14.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingIndent\">McAuley, Kathryn. \u201c<em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.eastmidlandstheatre.com\/2018\/03\/03\/review-no-womans-land-lakeside-arts-nottingham\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"No Woman\u2019s Land, Lakeside Arts, Nottingham (opens in a new tab)\">No Woman\u2019s Land, Lakeside Arts, Nottingham<\/a><\/em>,\u201d <em>East Midlands Theatre, <\/em>2 March 2018<em>. <\/em>Accessed 28 Sept. 2018.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingIndent\">Mock,\nRoberta. \u201cIntroduction: It\u2019s (not really) all About Me, Me, Me.\u201d <em>Walking, Writing and Performance, <\/em>edited\nby Roberta Mock, Intellect, 2009, pp. 7-23.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingIndent\">Qualmann,\nClare, and Claire Hind. <em>Ways to Wander. <\/em>Triarchy\nPress, 2015.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingIndent\">Reynolds, Dee.\n\u201cKinesthetic Empathy and the Dance\u2019s Body: from Emotion to Affect.\u201d <em>Kinesthetic\nEmpathy in Creative and Cultural Practices, <\/em>edited byDee Reynolds and Matthew Reason, Intellect,\n2012, pp. 120-35. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingIndent\">Reynolds, Dee, and\nMatthew Reason. \u201cIntroduction.\u201d <em>Kinesthetic Empathy in Creative and Cultural\nPractices, <\/em>edited byDee\nReynolds and Matthew Reason, Intellect, 2012, pp. 17-28. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingIndent\">Sharrocks, Amy, and Clare Qualmann. \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.thisisliveart.co.uk\/resources\/catalogue\/walking-women-a-study-room-guide-on-women-using-walking-in-their-practice. Accessed 15 June 2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"WALKING WOMEN: A Study Room Guide on Women Using Walking in their Practice (opens in a new tab)\">WALKING WOMEN: A Study Room Guide on Women Using Walking in their Practice<\/a>.\u201d <em>Live Art Development Agency<\/em>, 2017. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingIndent\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.co.uk\/s\/ref=dp_byline_sr_book_1?ie=UTF8&amp;text=Dr+Cathy+Turner&amp;search-alias=books-uk&amp;field-author=Dr+Cathy+Turner&amp;sort=relevancerank\">Turner<\/a>, Cathy, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.co.uk\/s\/ref=dp_byline_sr_book_2?ie=UTF8&amp;text=Synne+Behrndt&amp;search-alias=books-uk&amp;field-author=Synne+Behrndt&amp;sort=relevancerank\">Synne\nBehrndt<\/a>. <em>Dramaturgy and Performance<\/em>, 2nd ed., Palgrave Macmillan,\n2016.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingIndent\">Willkie, Fiona. <em>Performance,\nTransport and Mobility, Making Passage. <\/em>Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingIndent\">Zoo\nIndigo<em>. No Woman\u2019s Land. <\/em>Performance.\n2016. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingIndent\">Zoo\nIndigo. <em>No Woman\u2019s Land<\/em>. 2016. Unpublished\nperformance script.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingIndent\">Zoo Indigo. <em>No Woman\u2019s Land<\/em>. 2016. Unpublished rehearsal\nnotes.<a name=\"end\">&nbsp;<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" data-attachment-id=\"196\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/no-womans-land-walking-as-a-dramaturgical-device-in-performance-of-maternal-migration\/image5-8\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/image5-5.jpeg\" data-orig-size=\"400,527\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image5\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/image5-5-228x300.jpeg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/image5-5.jpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/image5-5-150x150.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-196 alignnone\"><br>&nbsp;\n\n\n\n<p><a name=\"end\" href=\"#back\">*<\/a><strong>Rosie<\/strong><strong> Garton<\/strong> is Programme Leader and Senior Lecturer of Performing Arts at\nDe Montfort University, Leicester.&nbsp; She\nhas co-authored a range of articles and performance papers with Ildik\u00f3 Rippel\nand continues to act as a dramaturg independently for emerging and established\nperformance artists.<a name=\"end2\">&nbsp;<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" data-attachment-id=\"197\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/no-womans-land-walking-as-a-dramaturgical-device-in-performance-of-maternal-migration\/image6-6\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/image6-4.jpeg\" data-orig-size=\"400,694\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image6\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/image6-4-173x300.jpeg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/image6-4.jpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/image6-4-150x150.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-197 alignnone\"><br>&nbsp;\n\n\n\n<p><a name=\"end2\" href=\"#back2\">**<\/a><strong>Ildik\u00f3 Rippel<\/strong> is senior lecturer of Performance at the University of Worcester and has recently completed a practice as research PhD at Lancaster University, examining maternal performance and the presence of family members in contemporary theatre. Her research into familial performance and dramaturgies of the real has been published in <em>Performance Research<\/em>, (\u201cMaternal Ruptures\/Raptures: Leakages of the Real\u201d (2017); co-authored by Rosie Garton).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">Copyright <strong>\u00a9<\/strong> 2019 Rosie Garton and Ildik\u00f3 Rippel<br><em>Critical Stages\/Sc\u00e8nes critiques<\/em> e-ISSN: 2409-7411<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/88x31.png\" alt=\"Creative Commons Attribution International License\"\/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">This work is licensed under the<br>Creative Commons Attribution International License CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":194,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[11],"class_list":["post-190","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-essays","tag-essay-front"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/image3-5.jpeg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":362,"url":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/introductory-words\/","url_meta":{"origin":190,"position":0},"title":"Introductory Words","author":"Rosie Garton and Ildik\u00f3 Rippel","date":"November 11, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Yana Meerzon* Dear reader, I am happy to present the December 2019 \u201cESSAY SECTION\u201d (# 20) of the journal Critical Stages\/Sc\u00e8nes critiques. This section is dedicated to urgent issues related to theater and performance making, ways of thinking and writing about theatre and performing arts, ways of viewing and reflecting\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Essays&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Essays","link":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/category\/essays\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/Meerzon.jpeg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":296,"url":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/the-dramaturgy-of-non-belonging-jeroen-coppens-in-dialogue-with-motus-on-sharing-identity-in-panorama\/","url_meta":{"origin":190,"position":1},"title":"The Drama(turgy) of Non-Belonging:  Jeroen Coppens in Dialogue with Motus on Sharing Identity in Panorama","author":"Rosie Garton and Ildik\u00f3 Rippel","date":"October 28, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Jeroen Coppens* and Motus** Abstract This article presents a dialogue with the founders of the Motus\u00a0theatre collective,\u00a0Daniela Nicol\u00f2\u00a0and Enrico\u00a0Casagrande. It discusses the performance\u00a0Panorama\u00a0(2017), in regard to the recurring themes\u00a0of identity and\u00a0exclusion, (post-)nationalism and (non-)belonging in the work of Motus, and\u00a0explores how these\u00a0themes relate to the issue of verbal expression and\u00a0multilinguality\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Essays&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Essays","link":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/category\/essays\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/11\/image2-2.jpeg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/11\/image2-2.jpeg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/11\/image2-2.jpeg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/11\/image2-2.jpeg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":202,"url":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/on-dramaturgy-of-care-and-encounter-in-the-theatres-of-multilingualism-interview-with-ayham-majid-agha\/","url_meta":{"origin":190,"position":2},"title":"On Dramaturgy of Care and Encounter in the Theatres of Multilingualism: Interview with Ayham Majid Agha","author":"Rosie Garton and Ildik\u00f3 Rippel","date":"October 20, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"by Yana Meerzon* Abstract This dialogue between a Syrian theatre director, Ayham Majid Agha, who is currently residing in Berlin, and a theatre scholar, Yana Meerzon, focuses on the challenges and advantages of working in the multilingual performance context of a cosmopolitan metropolis such as Berlin. The artist discusses the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Essays&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Essays","link":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/category\/essays\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/Ayham-Majid-Agha-featured.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/Ayham-Majid-Agha-featured.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/Ayham-Majid-Agha-featured.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/Ayham-Majid-Agha-featured.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":282,"url":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/a-case-study-of-the-intercultural-production-of-vaike-jumalanna-the-little-goddess\/","url_meta":{"origin":190,"position":3},"title":"A Case Study of the Intercultural Production of V\u00e4ike Jumalanna (The Little Goddess)","author":"Rosie Garton and Ildik\u00f3 Rippel","date":"October 29, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Izumi Ashizawa* Abstract A devising theatre practitioner, Izumi Ashizawa has been facing the challenges and privileges of creating multi-lingual and intercultural works in different countries for the past 15 years. Each project presented its own unique developmental process, based on the specific\u00a0traits of the local actors, designers and technicians. In\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Essays&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Essays","link":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/category\/essays\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/11\/image2-1.jpeg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/11\/image2-1.jpeg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/11\/image2-1.jpeg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/11\/image2-1.jpeg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":604,"url":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/men-punish-women-in-pilsen\/","url_meta":{"origin":190,"position":4},"title":"Men Punish Women in Pilsen","author":"Rosie Garton and Ildik\u00f3 Rippel","date":"December 8, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Matti Linnavuori* Divadlo international theatre festival in Pilsen, Czech Republic, September 2019. A significant part of the world lives in the age of #metoo, but this year's Divadlo Festival in Pilsen seemed to dwell in a different era. Could it be that Divadlo is one lap ahead, or does the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Performance Reviews&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Performance Reviews","link":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/category\/performance-reviews\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/12\/5-PHOTO-PER-pilsmatti-sternenhoch.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/12\/5-PHOTO-PER-pilsmatti-sternenhoch.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/12\/5-PHOTO-PER-pilsmatti-sternenhoch.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/12\/5-PHOTO-PER-pilsmatti-sternenhoch.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":174,"url":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/city-narratives-in-european-performances-of-crisis-the-examples-of-athens-and-nicosia\/","url_meta":{"origin":190,"position":5},"title":"City Narratives in European Performances of Crisis:  The Examples of Athens and Nicosia","author":"Rosie Garton and Ildik\u00f3 Rippel","date":"October 30, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Avra Sidiropoulou* Abstract This paper discusses the ways in which the physical environment of urban centers in the European South has in the recent years borne witness to the multiple facets of crisis (social-political, financial and cultural) that has defined the second decade of the twenty-first century. In Greece, the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Essays&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Essays","link":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/category\/essays\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/image5.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/image5.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/image5.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2019\/10\/image5.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/190","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=190"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/190\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1190,"href":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/190\/revisions\/1190"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/194"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=190"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=190"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/20\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=190"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}