{"id":54,"date":"2019-05-16T18:50:47","date_gmt":"2019-05-16T18:50:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/?p=54"},"modified":"2023-03-19T09:51:15","modified_gmt":"2023-03-19T09:51:15","slug":"how-psi-works-the-practice-of-performance-studies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/how-psi-works-the-practice-of-performance-studies\/","title":{"rendered":"How PSi Works: The Practice of Performance Studies"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Maaike Bleeker<a href=\"#end\" name=\"back\">*<\/a>, Eero Laine<a href=\"#end8\" name=\"back8\">**<\/a>, Sean Metzger<a href=\"#end9\" name=\"back9\">***<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> Performance Studies international (PSi) is an organization that has grown over more than two decades and continues to experiment with various modes of performance making and study. This article examines the history, trajectory and major projects of PSi and marks the ways that PSi and its members have worked and continue to work collaboratively across continents. The authors note the ways that annual conferences have developed and changed, along with the many initiatives that have emerged from the organization\u2019s intensive international collaboration. Of particular note are the various research clusters of academics and artists, evolving publication projects and an ethos of innovation that comes from engaging with performance as both an object of study and a methodology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords<\/strong>: Performance, performance studies, international, organizations, PSi<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Performance Studies international is an organization that emerged in\nresponse to the growing interest in the study of performance in its many forms\nand in the various ways in which performance might serve as a lens through\nwhich to understand a wide variety of cultural phenomena. Many different types\nof scholars have studied what performance is and does, but these efforts have\noften been and continue to be dispersed across various university disciplines,\nincluding anthropology, art, dance, folklore, history, linguistics, music,\nphilosophy, sociology and theatre, among others. Performance Studies sought to\ncollect these efforts in various collectives of scholars and scholar-artists. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There are competing narratives and genealogies of Performance Studies\nthat cut across the fields mentioned above, but the most frequent origin\nstories cite the formal instantiation of Performance Studies departments at NYU\nand Northwestern University. Notwithstanding these debates, PSi can trace its\nown beginning to any of several events: the first conference held under that\nrubric in 1995 in New York; the third conference held in Georgia, at which\nattendees decided to establish a formal association; or the fourth conference\nheld in New York; where the association was founded as a non-profit\norganization based in the United States for tax purposes.<a href=\"#end1\" name=\"back1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>All of these origin stories privilege the United States as the locus of\nthis field of study, and one expects that other histories may eventually emerge\nto contest or otherwise add nuance to these foundational narratives.<a href=\"#end2\" name=\"back2\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a> Certainly,\nthe organization\u2019s annual meetings in many different places around the world\nhave contributed to drawing attention to other genealogies of performance\nresearch in other contexts and have generated a large archive of material\npertaining to the conference in the many locations that have hosted it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These annual conferences have served as the primary activity of PSi.\nThey play an important role in facilitating connections between scholars and\npractitioners working in different places in the world, and in further\ndeveloping our understanding of the subjects we study and the work we create,\nas well as Performance Studies itself, from an international perspective. PSi\nconferences and other events aim to foster the development of Performance\nStudies in ways that are inclusive and allow those who are participating to\ntransform what Performance Studies can be. Usually, these conferences include\nseveral basic elements that are common to most academic conferences, like a\nseries of keynotes and official speeches, an annual general meeting, panels,\nroundtables, performances and a separate set of board meetings. This structure\nresponds to logistical requirements. Most of our conferences have been hosted\nby academic institutions, and many of our members require formal acceptances\nfor papers that will be given during the conference in order to apply for\nfunding.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"video-1\">Video 1<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<div align=\"center\" style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 12px\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"700\" height=\"393\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/MrrwPOVtc2Q?rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"\"><\/iframe><br>Excerpt from Julie Torentino\u2019s <i>Honey<\/i>. Tolentino performed at PSi#19 at Stanford University<\/div><br>\n\n\n\n<p>However, notwithstanding these more common elements, PSi also has a long tradition of inventing alternative ways of organizing conferences and of fostering innovative modes of presenting, sharing and generating ideas at these annual meetings, from lecture performances to performative experiments, (night) walks, tours, installations, rituals, staged dinners, durational readings, pop-up performances, collective investigations, interventions, processions and more. At PSi#15 in Zagreb and PSi#17 in Utrecht, half of the conference program consisted of such alternative formats, including, among others, a fictional educational institution in an abandoned school (<em>School of Sisyphus<\/em>, Zagreb) and a nursing home for Performance Studies scholars (<em>Over the Hill<\/em>) in a student home in Utrecht. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At PSi#14 in Copenhagen, theatre company Signa\u2014known for their large-scale durational immersive participatory performances\u2014built a camp at the conference site where attendees could immerse themselves in a fictional world any time (day and night) for the entire duration of the conference. PSi#22 in Melbourne involved a session in which one touched plants to think about non-human life and how it performs. An individual might have been physically carried to that session by one of the performers, whose work consisted of shuttling conference participants from one location to another via piggyback. Or one might have attended another panel in which audience members were invited to wrestle with the speakers. Most of the conference attendees participated in a nighttime processional feast coordinated by the culinary performance duo Spatula &amp; Barcode. PSi strives to embody both in content and structure performance as an object of study and as a methodology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"525\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/Photo-X.jpg?resize=700%2C525&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-74\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/Photo-X.jpg?w=700&amp;ssl=1 700w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/Photo-X.jpg?resize=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">PSi#24 Daegu organizing committee with PSi President and Vice President. From L &#8211; R: Seul-Gi Jeong, Sean Metzger, Jun-Hwan Go, Han-Na Lee, Jin-Yeong Kim, Peter Eckersall, Yo-Ung Lee<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Quite a number of PSi conferences have been organized in collaboration with festivals, arts institutions and other cultural organizations. PSi#12 in London collaborated with the Live Art Development Agency and East End Collaborations. PSi#17 in Utrecht was organized together with the international Festival a\/dWerff (now called SPRING Performing Arts Festival), which adapted their program to the theme of the conference and enabled the use of the city theatre as conference center. PSi#18 in Leeds collaborated with the Ludus Festival, and PSi#23 in Hamburg with theater Kampnagel, which generously offered PSi space and ran programming in conjunction with that institution\u2019s annual Theater Der Welt Festival. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Two PSi conferences were organized entirely by non-academic organizations, those in Singapore and in Daegu. Insofar as&nbsp;PSi#10 in Singapore interrogated the state and related institutions of authority, the conference organizational structure mirrored its content. The conference was organized by a consortium of artists and critics, including Paul Rae, Ray Langebach, Ong Keng Sen, Lee Weng Choy, Lucy Davis, Tay Tong, and Alvin Tan. One of the problems they encountered is that, since they did not hold their conference under the formal aegis of a \u201cstatutory body\u201d (as most universities are), it got the status of an independent event that required a licence from the police. Since the police had suspicions about the \u201csubversive\u201d nature of the conference, the organizers came under a lot of pressure. They were only granted the licence on 6 p.m. the evening before the conference, and they were surveilled by the Internal Security Department, some members of which even turned up at the offices of the theatre company that co-organized the conference to register \u201cin person\u201d (under pseudonyms). For Daegu, municipal organizations including the Daegu Arts Factory and the city\u2019s Exhibition and Convention Center took the lead in organizing the conference.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"video-2\">Video 2<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<div align=\"center\" style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 12px\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"700\" height=\"393\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/r2VPmpZi1h4?rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"\"><\/iframe><br>Ron Athey, a significant artist in the field of Performance Studies. A short video excerpt from his performance<br><i>Incorruptible Flesh Messianic Remains<\/i>. Athey performed at PSi#19 at Stanford University<\/div><br>\n\n\n\n<p>Since the inception of Performance Studies international remains\ninextricable from the discourses of Performance Studies, this essay brings\ntogether three scholars all of whom have worked in significant ways with the\nformal organization and whose individual work has emphasized (although not\nexclusively) different facets of the study (and in some cases practice) of performance.\nWe assemble in what follows a collective iteration of what Performance Studies\nand Performance Studies international can do and how it works to do it. We\nexplore the lower case \u201ci\u201d in the name as a way of reflecting on the larger\nconcerns of the field with discourses of nationality, ethnicity and race. We\nmove this discussion to include technology and Performance Studies because\ntechnological developments and their implications have become important\nconcerns of the field as we continue to practice and study performance in ever\nmore complicated media ecologies. This development can also be seen reflected\nin the organization itself now using an online interface as the primary\nmechanism by which members form networks and disseminate information between\nannual conferences. The concerns of quotidian performance across space and the\nways in which various kinds of programs train artists, scholars and\nscholar-artists have become central facets of PSi\u2019s collective thinking and\nactivities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"268\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/Photo-3A2.jpg?resize=300%2C268&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-61\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">PSi\u2019s first President, Richard Gough<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>In part, such concerns have been focalized by the sorts of institutions that have supported PSi. PSi\u2019s first president, Richard Gough, was based for several years at the Centre for Performance Research (CPR), at Aberystwyth University in Wales, which emerged in 1988 out of the Cardiff Laboratory Theatre, founded by Mike Pearson. Gough traces his younger aesthetic sensibilities to directors like Peter Brook, Eugenio Barba and Jerzy Growtowski. Meeting and then collaborating with Pearson had a significant impact on Gough\u2019s own practice and Gough\u2019s work to build the field. Gough has described the CPR as a satellite in the larger constellation of Performance Studies (the labor through that particular node of performance creation and Performance Studies research has been described in Judie Christie, Richard Gough, and Daniel Watt&#8217;s edited collection <em>A Performance Cosmology: Testimony from the Future, Evidence of the Past<\/em>).  The notion of a satellite is useful in thinking about the proliferation of Performance Studies, because many institutions have supported and developed the field in addition to PSi. This fact calls attention to some of the limits and dissatisfactions with our organization. Although PSi aspires to think and organize on a world-wide scale, it frequently runs over or, sometimes, into localized iterations of Performance Studies that remain incommensurate with our infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"466\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/Photo-3B.jpg?resize=700%2C466&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-62\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/Photo-3B.jpg?w=700&amp;ssl=1 700w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/Photo-3B.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">From Richard Gough\u2019s plenary<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The most obvious limitation of PSi is that its primary operating\nlanguage is English. Perhaps partly as a response to such a narrow linguistic\nemphasis, the Hemispheric Institute of Performance and Politics (\u201cHemi,\u201d for\nshort) was founded in 1998 at NYU by Professors Diana Taylor (NYU), Zeca Ligi\u00e9ro\n(Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), Javier Serna\n(Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Mexico) and Luis Peirano (Pontificia\nUniversidad Cat\u00f3lica del Per\u00fa). Under its auspices, a biannual Encuentro has\nprovided a gathering place for performance makers and thinkers from the Americas.\nHemi also launched a bilingual journal called <em>e-misf\u00e9rica<\/em> in 2004. Other satellites have emerged in various\nlocations around the world. For example, Khalid Amine founded The International\nCentre for Performance Studies in Tangier, Morocco, in 2007. In 2008, Erika\nFischer-Lichte launched Interweaving Performance Cultures at Freie Universit\u00e4t\nin Berlin, Germany. The proliferation of research and performance centers\nsuggest the growing currency of Performance Studies and a desire to localize the\ninterventions made under its name.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Recognizing such critiques, the goal of many PSi board members has been\nto widen the organization\u2019s network and to strive for inclusivity and\nself-reflexivity in organizational practice. These actions follow the ethos of\nPerformance Studies and performance theory\u2014to consider seriously not only what\npeople, language, organizations and other entities represent or symbolize, but\nalso how they perform and how the ways in which they perform do things. That\nquestion is rendered simply as \u201cHow does PSi Think?\u201d This question also now\nnames a special session of each annual conference. When Ray Langenbach and Paul\nRae first instantiated this meeting within the larger conference, they\nconceived of it as an informal gathering designed to interrogate and sometimes\ncontest the logics that govern any given conference. In formalizing that\nsession of potential critique, PSi invites criticism but, in some measure, also\nshields itself against protest by incorporating potential opposition within the\nvery structure. On an optimistic note, the repeated refrain of this session at\nthe end of each conference demands that participants and organizers reflect on\nthe kind of thinking expressed through the conference\u2019s organizational\nprocesses, leading to new iterations and constellations of work and thought on\nPerformance Studies and its modes of institutionality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"video-3\">Video 3<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<div align=\"center\" style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 12px\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/185023769?color=aea789&amp;portrait=0\" width=\"700\" height=\"393\" frameborder=\"0\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"><\/iframe><br>Guillermo Gom\u00e9z-Pe\u00f1a is one of the leading performance activist artists from the Americas. A telling excerpt from his solo performance <i>X-C\u00e9ntric\/o<\/i>, a pastiche of pieces drawn from his living archives and contemporary work. Gom\u00e9z-Pe\u00f1a performed a different piece at PSi#19 at Stanford University<\/div><br>\n\n\n\n<p>Under Maaike Bleeker\u2019s presidency from 2011-2016, the organization made several efforts at translating its ambition for internationalization into organizational praxis. Inclusion of artists and scholars who might not have access to travel funds that would facilitate attendance at PSi\u2019s annual conferences became a critical concern of the organization; moreover, the need to think internationally became a pressing intellectual concern. Put otherwise, the organization has particularly in the last decade tried to expand the reach of the \u201ci\u201d in its name, to address at a structural level the uneven internationalization represented through PSi\u2019s constituents and activities. How do organizational methodologies bring about the desired changes articulated by PSi\u2019s members? <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"530\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/Photo-4.jpg?resize=700%2C530&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-64\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/Photo-4.jpg?w=700&amp;ssl=1 700w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/Photo-4.jpg?resize=300%2C227&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Gil and Moti and Laylah, <em>The Creature Beyond Dreams<\/em>. Photo of watercolor: Gil and Moti. <br>\u03a4his ensemble performed at PSi#11 at Brown University<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>During this period, we produced several new initiatives, many of which demonstrated how theory and practice might be brought together in a variety of ways and at many different scales. Relatedly, we considered the history of the organization itself and how this history reflects the investments, concerns and interests of scholars and artists from different places. The initiatives developed include: PSi\u2019s Oral History project that actively produces interviews testifying to various stages of the development of the organization in relation to the internationalization of the field;<a name=\"back3\" href=\"#end3\"><sup>[3]<\/sup><\/a> the Manifesto Lexicon, which attempts to create a multilingual lexicon that contests the centrality of the English language and highlights the diversity of the field (initiated by the organizers of a local PSi event in Athens: Gigi Argyropoulou, Konstantina Georgelou, Efrosini Protopapa, Danae Theodoridou and Steriani Tsintziloni);<a name=\"back4\" href=\"#end4\"><sup>[4]<\/sup><\/a> as well as PSi\u2019s open access journal <em>GPS<\/em>, the conference project Fluid States and the Future Advisory Board (these last three innovations will be further introduced later in this text). The sheer number of proposed developments during this period has placed PSi in a long process of tweaking the mechanics of implementing new ideas. As individuals rotate in and out of leadership positions, some of these efforts have resulted in concrete manifestations and some have faded from the list of organizational priorities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"525\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/Photo-XXX.jpg?resize=700%2C525&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-75\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/Photo-XXX.jpg?w=700&amp;ssl=1 700w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/Photo-XXX.jpg?resize=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Regional Research Cluster Generative Indirections in Montemor-O-Novo. Photo: Maaike Bleeker<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Perhaps one of the most notable initiatives (in no small part because it\nwas an outward facing endeavor) was the decision to replace the model of a\nsingle annual meeting in 2015 with a series of smaller gatherings. Such a move\nbuilt on PSi\u2019s existing efforts to fund Regional Research Clusters: smaller PSi\nevents that are more closely connected to local developments and concerns.\nFluid States was a decentralized conference that included over a dozen events\nacross the globe. Curated by Croatia-based board member Marin Bla\u017eevi\u0107 and\nAustralia-based board member Bree Hadley, and co-conceived by New Zealand-based\nboard member Dorita Hannah, Fluid States used a website as a primary waystation\nto link the disparate activities occurring around the world during that year.\nSuch a complicated series of events involved an inordinate amount of labor and\ncoordination at a scale that the organization had never previously attempted.\nFluid States opened possibilities for PSi members to participate locally in an\ninternational project. Participants at relatively small island sites\ntheoretically could dialogue with those engaged in major metropolitan centers\nlocated elsewhere in an effort to facilitate new conversations about how\nperformance might matter in ways that a singular frame could not encompass.<a href=\"#end5\" name=\"back5\"><sup>[5]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter is-resized\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/Photo-5.jpg?resize=300%2C191&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-65\" width=\"300\" height=\"191\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Big Nazo Puppets \u2013 Dr. Filter. From PSi#11 at Brown University. Photo: Andrew Fladeboe<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>This large-scale logistical effort corresponds with many scholars who\nhave interrogated municipal, national and regional rubrics as grounds of\nanalysis. Indeed, critical examinations of such keywords have animated the\nfield as scholars think about how such often-naturalized terms reflect and\ndemand certain performances. For example, the political scientist Benedict\nAnderson has famously argued that the nation is an imagined construction\ninsofar as an individual national subject:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>imagines fellowship with other people within the nation (most of whom said individual will not meet); <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>conceives of the nation as bounded in terms of territory (notwithstanding the elasticity of actual borders); <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>understands the nation as sovereign (seeing in this belonging an alternative to previous regimes structured by religion); and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>believes that this imagined community provides a \u201cdeep, horizontal comradeship\u201d for which an individual would willingly die (Anderson, 7).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>In other words, to imagine the nation via Anderson is to perform a certain relationality, which must be taken under consideration if one is to make any claim towards the <em>inter<\/em>national. The cultural theorist and literary critic Homi Bhabha rendered this formulation a bit more complex calling attention to how the nation as a concept works to produce both dominant and alternative stories. For Bhabha, the nation works \u201cas narrative strategy and as an apparatus of power\u201d (292); he elaborates, contending that \u201c[t]he scraps, patches, and rags of daily life must be repeatedly turned into the signs of national culture, while the very act of the narrative performance interpellates a growing circle of national subjects\u201d (297). Thus, he understands the nation as producing dominant (what he calls \u201cpedagogic\u201d) discourses and those that threaten to upset this status quo (what he calls \u201cperformative\u201d). Numerous elaborations of these insights have followed in and through the field of Performance Studies. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"436\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/Photo-6.png?resize=700%2C436&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-66\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/Photo-6.png?w=700&amp;ssl=1 700w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/Photo-6.png?resize=300%2C187&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Marsian De Lellis, <em>The Adventures of Michael Jackson and the Animals of Neverland Ranch<\/em>. From PSi#11 at Brown University. Photo: Marsian De Lellis<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>In one of the most sustained of such elaborations, scholar Suk-Young Kim\nhas written a trilogy of books that demonstrate the manifold ways in which\nKorea and Koreanness have and are being performed in terms of the North, the\nSouth, the DMZ and the transnational circulation of Korean cultural products.\nKim\u2019s <em>Illusive Utopia: Theater, Film, and\nEveryday Performance in North Korea<\/em> (2010) examines the theatricality of\nthe state and quotidian life by examining displays of patriotism and the\nimagined family constructed through such chauvinistic performances. Among Kim\u2019s\nmany insights in this book is her assertion that \u201ceveryday reality is in a\nposition to imitate the represented reality\u201d (14), which is, of course, a\nreversal of stage realism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The text shows the ways in which politics has long been staged in North\nKorea and the different technologies that facilitate such political\ntheatricality. Kim investigates kinship orchestrated by the state as and\nthrough a study of North Korean propaganda. <em>DMZ\nCrossing: Performing Emotional Citizenship along the Korean Border<\/em> (2014) continues\nher inquiry into how the study of theatre and performance matters on but also\nbeyond the stage. She writes, \u201cLike the theater, the DMZ is a space of\ntemporary passage . . . How does a dramaturgy of war memories unfold in this\nintractable semiotics of space\u201d (8). She elaborates her argument by looking at\nwhat she terms&nbsp; \u201cemotional citizenship\u201d\nand the ways in which \u201cborder crossing\u201d might be productively understood \u201cas\nsocial performance\u201d (11). <em>K-Pop Live:\nFans, Idols, and Multimedia Performance<\/em> (2018), as the author writes, \u201cis\nmainly concerned with a . . . theoretical investigation of \u2018liveness\u2019 as\ntechnological, ideological, and affective modes in which human subjects\ninteract with other human and nonhuman subjects in the digital age\u201d (3).\nUnpacking the Korean notion of \u201cheung,\u201d&nbsp;\nKim explores liveness across media platforms. Her work draws on a\nvariety of archives including her own concert-going as well as interviews with\nseveral individuals in the K-Pop industry. This text addresses a long-standing\nquestion in Performance Studies about the centrality of performers\u2019 co-presence\nwith audiences. As Kim reveals, we now live in an age where people might be at\na live event but are looking at it through a cellphone to record some aspect of\nthe experience. Kim explores how the digital mediates our everyday experiences\nin relation to popular culture. This trilogy provides a canny analysis of the\nmany ways the Korean nation in all its variants might be performed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"548\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/Photo-7.png?resize=700%2C548&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-67\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/Photo-7.png?w=700&amp;ssl=1 700w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/Photo-7.png?resize=300%2C235&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Double Edge Theatre, <em>The UnPOSSESED.<\/em> From PSi#11 at Brown University<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>If Kim\u2019s oeuvre explores a bifurcated nation currently existing as two\nnation-states in complicated relation to one another and their diasporas, other\nscholars have focused on different scales of analysis to articulate the\nrelationships between performance and the human in political, social and\ncultural contexts. All of these collected interventions form a major trajectory\nof Performance Studies scholarship. For example, Karen Shimakawa was one of the\nearliest scholars focusing on performance to demonstrate how US law works to\nconstruct the immigrant body as a threat to the American body politic and to\nreveal how stage performance might unsettle the process of what she calls\nnational abjection\u2014that is, processes by which the notion of \u201cAmerican\u201d is\nconstructed in relation to its Asian immigrants, a \u201cmovement between visibility\nand invisibility, foreignness and domestication\/assimilation\u201d (3).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"video-4\">Video 4<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<div align=\"center\" style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 12px\"><figure><figure><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"700\" height=\"393\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/g1zKxaybceo?rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"\"><\/iframe><\/figure><\/figure><br>Excerpts from <i>The UnPOSSESED<\/i><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>These insights into the way a nation-state\u2019s laws are performative,\nbringing into being categories of personhood like \u201ccitizen\u201d and \u201cimmigrant\u201d\nthat then work to regulate and often police such legal identities have been\nfurthered in several contexts. Stephanie Nohelani Teves has combined this\nunderstanding of the performative force of the law with indigenous theory.\nTeves follows poet and scholar Teresa Teiwa\u2019s writings on the Native as an idea\nconstructed through colonial encounters and one that has continued to morph in\ncomplex ways based on the legacies of colonialism, continually renewing efforts\nto extract profit from indigenous peoples, and the desires of those same\npeoples to construct something outside of those paradigms. As Teves writes,\n\u201cIndigineity requires action, a performance, and such actions are informed by\nthe knowledge of our culture and our genealogies; but performance also avails\nitself of new interpretations and techniques that ensure our survival\u201d (12-13).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One particular example revisited in Teves text is the use of aloha that,\nat once, suggests the value of indigenous epistemologies and circulates this\nidea for tourism dollars, often at the expense of native Hawaiians. Using a\nwider lens, scholar Diana Looser has written of oceanic theatre as a rubric\nthat tries to account for commonalties and differences wrought through\nprecolonial, colonial and postcolonial experiences in the Pacific. Again, these\nmoves to increase the scale of analysis can lead to both productive comparisons\nbut also an erasure of local expressive culture and linguistic variation. They\nconcretely point to the myriad issues of international claims for any\norganization and the persistent troubles and understandings of representation\nand performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>PSi has offered many responses to this problem of both research and\nrepresentation. The Future Advisory Board (FAB) of Performance Studies\ninternational is one of the initiatives developed under Maaike Bleeker\u2019s\npresidency with the intention of involving new generations of scholars and\npractitioners from a diversity of places (rather than a single \u201cstudent\nrepresentative\u201d on the board who would usually come from one of the\nwell-established Performance Studies programs in the US or UK). FAB thus began\nas a way to involve a new generation or cohort not only as representatives of a\nparticular interest group, but as experts on what Performance Studies looks\nlike to them and where it might go. The initiative began to take shape between\nthe PSi conference in Shanghai (2014) and at the board meetings in Copenhagen\n(2015). In Copenhagen, Evelyn Wan put forward a proposal in which FAB was\ndescribed as \u201ca new PSi initiative that aims to bring together graduate\nstudents and early career scholars and artists worldwide, and increase\nvisibility of the diversity of performance studies.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"393\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/Sarah-Bay-Cheng-.jpg?resize=700%2C393&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-287\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/Sarah-Bay-Cheng-.jpg?w=700&amp;ssl=1 700w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/Sarah-Bay-Cheng-.jpg?resize=300%2C168&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Sarah Bay-Cheng offered a sarcastic report on the political climate in the United States, here watched by DJ Rizk. From PSi#22, Melbourne.  \nPhoto from Spatula &amp; Barcode<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>FAB then took shape in 2015 with inaugural members: Felipe Cervera, Shawn Chua, Jo\u00e3o Flor\u00eancio, Eero Laine, and Evelyn Wan. The group met for the first time at the 2016 PSi conference in Melbourne. FAB describes itself as\u201cconsistent with the commitment to \u2018decenter\u2019 PSi across various geographic locales\u201d (Cervera et al. \u201cThicker States\u201d). The organization works within and alongside Performance Studies international, offering junior and emerging scholars and artists the opportunity to work and collaborate with an international cohort of colleagues at conferences and on a variety of projects and publications. Thus far, FAB has acted as a research and performance collective, organizing across time zones and continents. The collective has already renewed itself twice: adding members Panayiota Demetriou, Areum Jeong, Azadeh Sharifi and Asher Warren, in 2017, and Natalia Esling and Anna Jayne Kimmel, in 2019, when the remaining original members transitioned off of FAB. Amidst the fluidity of membership, a yearly summer school organized by FAB during the annual PSi conference complements FAB\u2019s research and artistic agenda and acts as a centripetal space for generating new projects and strategies.<a name=\"back6\" href=\"#end6\"><sup>[6]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"463\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/Photo-9.jpg?resize=700%2C463&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-69\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/Photo-9.jpg?w=700&amp;ssl=1 700w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/Photo-9.jpg?resize=300%2C198&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">From the opening of PSi#20 Shanghai. Photo: Eugene van Erven<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The summer school gathers emerging scholars and artists for seminars, performances,\nworkshops, tours of artist and activist spaces, and for shared and\ncollaborative scholarship and performance-making. This attention to pedagogy,\nshaping a cohort of forward-thinking performance scholars and practitioners,\nand attempting to define the future of the field, is evident in previously\npublished work by FAB such as \u201cSyllabi for the Future: A Playlist.\u201d Published\nin <em>GPS: Global Performance Studies<\/em>,\nthe special section asked a number of artists and scholars to envision a\nsyllabus for the future that included a brief course description, suggested\nreadings and a video. The project emerged from the 2016 PSi conference in\nMelbourne and explored the idea that \u201cCourses or modules are useful conceptual\nframeworks for thinking about the future of the field\u201d (Cervera et al. 2017\n\u201cSyllabi\u201d). Pursuing its practice of generating knowledge collectively, FAB\ncontinues to work and write as an ensemble, most recently publishing a\ncollaboratively edited special issue titled \u201cFuture Now\u201d again with PSi\u2019s online,\nopen access journal <em>GPS.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"393\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/Photo-10.jpg?resize=700%2C393&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-70\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/Photo-10.jpg?w=700&amp;ssl=1 700w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/Photo-10.jpg?resize=300%2C168&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">PSi#20 Shanghai delegates. Photo: Pedro Manuel<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Under the inaugural editorship of Kevin Brown, <em>GPS<\/em> serves as a venue for \u201ccross-platform, multi-media content that\npushes the boundaries of what we think an academic journal can be\u201d (<a href=\"http:\/\/gps.psi-web.org\/\">http:\/\/gps.psi-web.org\/<\/a>).\nThe decision to make the journal open access involved discussions about who has\naccess to university libraries and digital distribution services and indexes\nlike JSTOR and Project Muse. The research published in <em>GPS<\/em> is thus not locked behind paywalls, making it a site for\nartists, activists and scholars who both may or may not have an institutional\naffiliation or whose institution may or may not subscribe to distribution\nservices. At present, the journal is peer-reviewed but not formally indexed.\nLike many of PSi\u2019s innovations, the sustainability of the project remains to be\ntested, since the editing also requires significant technical skills. PSi\u2019s\npractice has been to charge its members only nominal fees for membership, which\nmeans that the journal basically runs, like all of PSi\u2019s projects, on volunteer\nlabor or labor that might be otherwise rewarded by university promotion.\nDespite these issues, <em>GPS<\/em> has\nfulfilled its promise to become another publishing arm for the field and,\nespecially, for PSi\u2019s membership.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As should now be clear, PSi uses digital platforms to conduct much of\nits work. That shift in communication coincides with the rise of the digital\ncommunications and the increasing connectivity that links most parts of the\nworld. PSi\u2019s own growth in this manner mirrors the development of the\ninformation age and its attendant technologies. In this regard, PSi has sought\nto think through the digital both for practical as well as intellectual\nreasons. Indeed, the new website, which serves as the major public presence of\nthe organization, especially between conferences, and the networking software\nthat currently serves as the board\u2019s project management tool for work behind\nthe scenes are all relatively recent innovations in the life of the\norganization that have accelerated the work we do and rendered our labor\n(usually) more efficient. The consequences of this turn to technology for PSi\nas well as the worlds in which we are embedded have yet to be fully analyzed.\nGiven how quickly technologies advance, however, we expect that this area will\nremain a crucial area of research and practice for PSi and its members.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In his 2001 book <em>Perform or Else<\/em>,\nJon McKenzie introduces the term technoperformance. Not only humans perform, so\ndoes technology. Although McKenzie does not use the term posthumanism, his\nproposal is representative of the emergence of less human-centered approaches\nto performance, an increased interest in the performance of non-human entities,\nincluding technology, as well as an interest in the interaction between humans\nand technology and how this affects ways of being and knowing. That is, his\nproposal is indicative of developments within the field of Performance Studies\nthat move beyond a central focus on the human body, human modes of operating\nand human identity; he advocates a shift towards the larger ecologies in which\nhuman bodies operate, wherein experience and identity take shape. These\ndevelopments happen within a context in which technology is more and more\nprominently present as active agent. Moreover, humans increasingly operate as\npart of larger technological apparatuses in which, as media theorist Mark\nHansen puts it, they are implicated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Throughout history, humans have used tools and technologies to perform\nall kinds of activities in daily life as well as in the context of various\nkinds of cultural and artistic performance. A more traditional understanding of\nthe role that these tools and technologies play would be to understand them as\nmerely supporting the performance of human performers, not unlike the\nconvention in traditional forms of Western theatre to place the human at the\ncenter of attention and to conceive of other elements of the theatrical\napparatus as subservient to the presence of humans and their stories and\nexpressions. This is what Christopher Bauch (2005) describes as \u201cthe hierarchy\nof perceptual importance.\u201d He shows how a combination of developments in\ntheatrical practice resulted in a firm establishment of this hierarchy in the\nnineteenth century, and, also, that this hierarchy would be challenged by newly\ndeveloping performance practices from the beginning of the twentieth century.\nTheatre, dance and performance makers have incorporated technologies of various\nkinds in their work and expanded their practices to include new possibilities\noffered by technological developments, whereas others have developed modes of\nworking that precisely allowed them to distinguish and distance themselves from\ntechnological media like film and, later, television, video and the Internet.\nTheoretical debates on the specificity of theatrical performance, on liveness\nand on presence reflect how the confrontation with and incorporation of media\ntechnologies inspired a reconsideration of what the specificity of live\nperformance is, and how it differs (or not) from other media.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This history set the stage for approaches to theatre, dance and performance that no longer focus solely on human performance and expression but on the theatrical apparatus as a material ecology in which human and non-human actors participate. In this context, theatrical performance appears as a place to experiment with the performative qualities of technology and to rehearse new ways of being together with technology and other non-human agents.<a name=\"back7\" href=\"#end7\"><sup>[7]<\/sup><\/a> These developments point to the need to conceive of the performance of humans and that of technology as &#8220;entangled&#8221;, as Chris Salter argues in his book with the same title. Salter\u2019s account of this history demonstrates how these explorations reflect transformations in understanding of what technology is, what it means to be human and how to conceive the relationship between the two. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Steve Dixon in <em>Digital Performance<\/em>\n(2007) traces the incorporation of digital technology into live performance\npractices (theatre, dance, performance and installations) and shows how this\nincorporation not only destabilizes the \u201chierarchy of perceptual importance\u201d of\nhumans and technology, but also subverts the distinction between live and\nmediated performance, a distinction that has played an important role in the\nself-definition of theatre and performance. The ways in which humans nowadays\noperate as part of media ecologies and technology itself becomes a performer\nrequires a reconsideration of our understanding of the nature of the\nrelationship between performers and audiences and a rethinking of liveness\nacross media also addressed by Kim (discussed above). Philip Auslander in <em>Liveness <\/em>(1999) argues that the very\nnotion of live itself has to be understood in relation to our history of\ninteracting with technology and that what appears as live is co-constituted by\nthis history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"525\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/Photo-11.jpeg?resize=700%2C525&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-71\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/Photo-11.jpeg?w=700&amp;ssl=1 700w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/Photo-11.jpeg?resize=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Angela Viora, <em>The Foreigner<\/em>, PSi#24 Daegu, 2018<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Auslander\u2019s argument points to how the effects of technology become part\nof our very modes of perceiving and thinking, an observation also made by media\ntheorists including Marshall McLuhan, Friedrich Kittler, Mark Hansen, N.\nKatherine Hayles and Brian Rotman. Being \u201cnatural born cyborgs\u201d (Andy Clark),\nwe are not merely users of technology, we are also used by it. Technology\nplaces demands on us, affords modes of interaction and mediates in the\ndevelopment of new skills that impact on how we enact perception, and even how\nwe think. To understand these cognitive implications of media technology, it is\nnot sufficient simply to study media in terms of their content and\nrepresentations. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"578\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/Photo-12.jpg?resize=700%2C578&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-72\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/Photo-12.jpg?w=700&amp;ssl=1 700w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/Photo-12.jpg?resize=300%2C248&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Angela Viora, <em>The Foreigner<\/em>, PSi#24 Daegu, 2018<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>What is thus overlooked is what Brian Rotman speaks of as \u201cthe direct effect\nof technology\u2019s materiality\u201d or its \u201cradical material exteriority.\u201d This effect\n\u201cexists outside its explicit human, socio-cultural character and transforms the\nbodies, nervous systems, and subjectivities of its user\u201d (Rotman 5). This\neffect manifests itself in what Peter Eckersall, Helena Grehan and Edward\nScheer describe as forms of \u201cmediated rematerialisation rather than a\ndematerialisation . . . , in which bodily sensations and sense experiences are\nnow redistributed through technical means rather than diminished or\nde-emphasised\u201d (2). In <em>Closer <\/em>(2008),\nSuzan Kozel explores how the creative investigations of performance artists can\nhelp us to understand such effects and implications of technology as we become\ncloser to our computers\u2014as they become extensions of our ways of thinking,\nmoving and touching. Many dance makers, including&nbsp; William Forsythe, Merce Cunningham and\nSiohban Davis, invest considerable amounts of time, effort and money to\ninvestigate the potential of new technologies to capture, transmit and\nunderstand dance in new ways. Their explorations are informative not only with\nregard to the possible usage of technologies in dance practice and research,\nbut also with regard to how more generally modes of perceiving, sense making,\nand think\u00ading are intertwined with technology (see Bleeker 2016). Sarah Bay-Cheng\nsuggests that, in the context of how digital technologies engage us in ways of\nperceiving, experiencing and understanding, rather than framing a phenomenon as\nperformance, we should adopt performance as the mode through which we assess\nphenomena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"525\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/Photo-13.jpg?resize=700%2C525&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-73\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/Photo-13.jpg?w=700&amp;ssl=1 700w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/Photo-13.jpg?resize=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Speaker Bruno Latour and a group of delegates, including PSi Vice President Jazmin Llana at PSi#22 conference in Melbourne<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>These developments have opened new directions for Performance Studies\nand new possibilities for interaction with other fields like media theory,\nscience and technology studies, posthumanism and new materialism. Eckersall,\nGrehan and Scheer observe a close connection between what they describe as new\nmedia dramaturgy and what might be called new materialist dramaturgy. This is\nan observation that we recognize from years of close engagement with\ninvestigative practices of making performance. The material practice of\nperformance offers a place and a means to think through and experiment with the\nentanglements of humans and technology, much in line with insights in posthuman\nperformativity (Barad), vibrant materiality (Bennett), actor-network theory\n(Latour) and expanded sensibility (Hansen). Insights like these contribute to\nfurther expansion of our understanding of what performance can be and how it\nmatters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The reflections we have offered here on performance, Performance Studies\nand their material instantiations have resulted from a collaborative process\nthat relies on oral memory and archived documents. We have provided one\nnarrative of our institutional history as well as demonstrated some of the ways\nperformance generates knowledge (epistemological concerns) and how certain\nperformances define who we are (ontological concerns). In these endeavors we\ncontinue critical dialogues through and as performance, the stakes of which\nhave everything to do with how we understand and inhabit the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"393\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/Marambio-Galvez.jpg?resize=700%2C393&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-288\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/Marambio-Galvez.jpg?w=700&amp;ssl=1 700w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/Marambio-Galvez.jpg?resize=300%2C168&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Camila Marambio and Sarita G\u00e1lvez reported in a mournful wail on the Climate in South America at PSi#22 in Melbourne. Photo from Spatula &amp; Barcode<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Endnotes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a name=\"end1\" href=\"#back1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> We thank former board member Heike Roms, who\nassembled this information in her role as PSi\u2019s Archivist.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a name=\"end2\" href=\"#back2\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a> This process can already be seen. See, for\nexample, Laura Levin\u2019s and Marlis Schweitzer\u2019s \u201cIntroduction: Performance\nStudies in Canada: Mapping Genealogies and Geographies of Performance Culture,\u201d\nand J. McKenzie\u2019s, H. Roms\u2019 and C.W.J. Wee\u2019s <em>Contesting Performance.Global Sites of Research<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a name=\"end3\" href=\"#back3\"><sup>[3]<\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.psi-web.org\/about\/psi-oral-history\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"http:\/\/www.psi-web.org\/about\/psi-oral-history\/ (opens in a new tab)\">http:\/\/www.psi-web.org\/about\/psi-oral-history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a name=\"end4\" href=\"#back4\"><sup>[4]<\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.psi-web.org\/about\/psi-manifesto-lexicon\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"http:\/\/www.psi-web.org\/about\/psi-manifesto-lexicon\/ (opens in a new tab)\">http:\/\/www.psi-web.org\/about\/psi-manifesto-lexicon\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a name=\"end5\" href=\"#back5\"><sup>[5]<\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fluidstates.org\/index.php\">http:\/\/www.fluidstates.org\/index.php<\/a>. See, also, <em>GPS<\/em>\nissue 1.1, <em>Looking Back at Fluid States &#8211;\nPerformances of Unknowing<\/em>, <a href=\"http:\/\/gps.psi-web.org\/issue-1-1\/\">http:\/\/gps.psi-web.org\/issue-1-1\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a name=\"end6\" href=\"#back6\"><sup>[6]<\/sup><\/a> See also: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.psi-web.org\/about\/future-advisory-board\/\">http:\/\/www.psi-web.org\/about\/future-advisory-board\/<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/psi-futurists.org\/\">https:\/\/psi-futurists.org\/<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a name=\"end7\" href=\"#back7\"><sup>[7]<\/sup><\/a> This idea of rehearsing relationships with non-human agents we borrow\nfrom Pedro Manuel\u2019s PhD dissertation \u201cTheatre without Actors: Rehearsing New Modes of Co-Presence\u201d (Utrecht University 2017).<a name=\"end\">&nbsp;<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"works-cited\"><strong>Works Cited<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingindent\">Anderson, Benedict. <em>Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of\nNationalism<\/em>. Verso, 1991.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingindent\">Auslander, Philip. <em>Liveness:\nPerformance in a Mediatized Culture<\/em>. Routledge, 1999.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingindent\">Bauch, Christopher. <em>Theater, Performance and Technology. The Development of Scenography in\nthe Twentieth Century.<\/em> Palgrave MacMillan, 2005.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingindent\">Barad,\nKaren. <em>Meeting the Universe Halfway.\nQuantum Physics and the Entanglement of Matter and Meaning<\/em>. Duke UP, 2007.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingindent\">Bay-Cheng, Sarah. \u201cTheatre is Media. Some Principles\nfor a Digital Historiography of Performance.\u201d <em>Theater<\/em>, vol 42, no. 2, 2012, pp. 26-41.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingindent\">Bennett, Jane. <em>Vibrant\nMatter: A Political Ecology of Things<\/em>. Duke UP, 2010.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingindent\">Bhabha, Homi K. \u201cDissemiNation: Time, Narrative, and\nthe Margins of the Modern Nation.\u201d <em>Nation\nand Narration<\/em>, edited by Homi K. Bhabha. Routledge, 1990.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingindent\">Bleeker, Maaike. <em>Transmission in Motion: The Digitization of Dance<\/em>. Routledge, 2016.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingindent\">Cervera, Felipe, Shawn Chua, Jo\u00e3o Flor\u00eancio, Eero\nLaine, and Evelyn Wan. \u201cSyllabi for the Future: A Playlist, Curatorial\nStatement.\u201d <em>GPS: Global Performance\nStudies<\/em>, vol. 1, no. 2, 2017. <a href=\"http:\/\/gps.psi-web.org\/issue-1-2\/syllabi-future-playlist-2\/\">gps.psi-web.org\/issue-1-2\/syllabi-future-playlist-2\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingindent\">&#8212;. \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/gps.psi-web.org\/issue-1-1\/thicker-states\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\">Thicker States<\/a>.\u201d<em>GPS: Global Performance Studies<\/em> vol. 1, no. 1, 2017. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingindent\">Cervera, Felipe, Shawn Chua, Panayiota Demetriou, Areum Jeong, Eero Laine, Azadeh Sharifi, Evelyn Wan, and Asher Warren. \u201c<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"Orientations: Where is the Future Now? (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/gps.psi-web.org\/issue-2-2\/orientations\/\" target=\"_blank\">Orientations: Where is the Future Now?<\/a>\u201d <em>GPS: Global Performance Studies<\/em> vol. 2, no. 2, 2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingindent\">Christie, Judy, Richard Gough, and Daniel Watt. <em>A Performance Cosmology: Testimony from the\nFuture, Evidence of the Past<\/em>. Routledge, 2006.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingindent\">Clark, Andy. <em>Natural-Born\nCyborgs: Minds, Technologies, and the Future of Human Intelligence<\/em>. Oxford UP,\n2003.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingindent\">Dixon, Steve. Digital Performance.<em>A History of New Media in Theatre, Dance, Performance Art and\nInstallation<\/em>. The MIT Press, 2007.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingindent\">Eckersall, Peter, Helena Grehan, and Edward Scheer. <em>New Media Dramaturgy.Performance, Media and\nNew Materialism<\/em>. Palgrave MacMillan, 2017.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingindent\">Hansen, Mark B.N. <em>Feed\nForward:<\/em> <em>On the Future of\nTwenty-First Century Media<\/em>. The U of Chicago P, 2015.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingindent\">Kim, Suk-Young. <em>DMZ\nCrossing: Performing Emotional Citizenship along the Korean Border<\/em>.\nColumbia UP, 2014.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingindent\">&#8212;. <em>Illusive\nUtopia: Theater, Film, and Everyday Performance in North Korea<\/em>. The U of\nMichigan P, 2010.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingindent\">&#8212;. <em>K-Pop Live:\nFans, Idols, and Multimedia Performance<\/em>. Stanford UP, 2018.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingindent\">Kozel, Suzan. <em>Closer:\nPerformance, Technologies, Phenomenology<\/em>. The MIT Press, 2008.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingindent\">Latour, Bruno. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Science_in_Action:_How_to_Follow_Scientists_and_Engineers_Through_Society\"><em>Science in Action:\nHow to Follow Scientists and Engineers Through Society<\/em><\/a><em>.<\/em> Open UP, 1987.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingindent\">Levin, Laura, and Marlis Schweitzer. \u201cIntroduction:\nPerformance Studies in Canada: Mapping Genealogies and Geographies of\nPerformance Culture.\u201d <em>Performance Studies\nin Canada<\/em>, edited by Laura Levin and Marlis Schweitzer, McGill Queen\u2019s UP,\n2017, pp. 3-40.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingindent\">McKenzie, Jon. <em>Perform\nor Else: From Discipline to Performance<\/em>. Routledge, 2001.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingindent\">McKenzie,\nJon, Heike Roms, and C. W. J. Wee. <em>Contesting\nPerformance.Global Sites of Research<\/em>. Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingindent\"><a href=\"https:\/\/psi-futurists.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"PSi Futurists (opens in a new tab)\">PSi Futurists<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingindent\">Rotman, Brian. <em>Becoming\nBesides Ourselves: The Alphabet, Ghosts, and Distributed Human Being<\/em>. Duke UP,\n2008.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingindent\">Salter, Chris. <em>Entangled.Technology\nand the Transformation of Performance<\/em>. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press,\n2010.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingindent\">Shimakawa, Karen. <em>National\nAbjection: The Asian American Body Onstage<\/em>. Durham: Duke UP, 2002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hangingindent\">Teves, Stephanie Nohelani. <em>Defiant Indigeneity: The Politics of Hawaiian Performance<\/em>. Chapel Hill: The U of North Carolina P, 2018.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/05\/Bleeker.png?w=750&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-55\" alignnone=\"\">\n\n\n\n<p><a name=\"end\" href=\"#back\">*<\/a><strong>Maaike Bleeker<\/strong> is Professor in the Department of Media and Culture Studies at Utrecht University (the Netherlands) and served as president of Performance Studies international 2011-2016. She was the organizer of PSi#17: Camillo 2.0. Technology, Memory, Experience in Utrecht (2011). She is the author of <em>Visuality in the Theatre: The Locus of Looking<\/em> (Palgrave, 2008) and (co)editor of (among others) <em>Thinking Through Theatre and Performance<\/em> (Bloomsbury, 2019), <em>Transmission in Motion: The Digitization of Dance<\/em> (Routledge, 2016) and<em> Performance and Phenomenology:Traditions and Transformations<\/em> (Routledge, 2015).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/LAINE-Headshot.jpg?resize=150%2C150&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-57\" alignnone=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/LAINE-Headshot.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/LAINE-Headshot.jpg?resize=270%2C270&amp;ssl=1 270w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/LAINE-Headshot.jpg?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/LAINE-Headshot.jpg?resize=230%2C230&amp;ssl=1 230w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p><a name=\"end8\" href=\"#back8\">**<\/a><strong>Eero Laine<\/strong> is the Director of Graduate Theatre and Assistant Professor in the\nDepartment of Theatre and Dance at the University at Buffalo, State University\nof New York. He is the editor of the <em>Journal\nof Dramatic Theory and Criticism<\/em> and is a co-editor of <em>Lateral<\/em>, the journal of the Cultural Studies Association. He serves as\nSecretary of Performance Studies international.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/FIR-photo.jpg?resize=150%2C150&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-56\" alignnone=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/FIR-photo.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/FIR-photo.jpg?resize=270%2C270&amp;ssl=1 270w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/FIR-photo.jpg?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/FIR-photo.jpg?resize=230%2C230&amp;ssl=1 230w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p><a name=\"end9\" href=\"#back9\">***<\/a><strong>Sean Metzger<\/strong> is the current president of Performance Studies international and Professor in the UCLA School of Theater, Film and Television. He is the author of <em>Chinese Looks: Fashion, Performance, Race<\/em> (Indiana University Press, 2014). The incoming co-editor of <em>Theatre Journal<\/em>, Metzger has also co-edited half a dozen other publications: <em>Embodying Asian\/American Sexualities<\/em> (Lexington, 2009); <em>Futures of Chinese Cinema: Technologies and Temporalities in Chinese Screen Cultures<\/em> (Intellect, 2009); <em>Awkward Stages: Plays about Growing Up Gay<\/em> (2015), and special issues of the journals <em>Cultural Dynamics<\/em> (2009), <em>Third Text<\/em> (2014) and <em>Asian Diasporic Visual Cultures and the Americas<\/em> (2019).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">Copyright <strong>\u00a9<\/strong> 2019 Maaike Bleeker, Eero Laine, Sean Metzger<br><em>Critical Stages\/Sc\u00e8nes critiques<\/em> e-ISSN: 2409-7411<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/88x31.png?w=750&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Creative Commons Attribution International License\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">This work is licensed under the<br>Creative Commons Attribution International License CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Maaike Bleeker*, Eero Laine**, Sean Metzger*** Abstract: Performance Studies international (PSi) is an organization that has grown over more than two decades and continues to experiment with various modes of performance making and study. This article examines the history, trajectory<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":69,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[4],"tags":[11,26],"class_list":["post-54","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-essays","tag-by-maaike-bleeker","tag-eero-laine-and-sean-metzger","","tg-column-two"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/Photo-9.jpg?fit=700%2C463&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paUXOT-S","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=54"}],"version-history":[{"count":20,"href":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1392,"href":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54\/revisions\/1392"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/69"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=54"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=54"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/19\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=54"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}